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Related Concept Videos

Drug Delivery: Overview01:16

Drug Delivery: Overview

276
The selection of a drug's delivery route depends upon its physicochemical properties, including lipid or water solubility and ionization, as well as the therapeutic requirement, such as immediate or sustained effect. These routes can be divided into three primary categories: enteral, parenteral, and topical.
Enteral delivery involves administering drugs directly through swallowing, sublingual placement, or buccal application. Orally administered drugs predominantly navigate the...
276
Drug Delivery: Enteral Route01:18

Drug Delivery: Enteral Route

374
The enteral drug administration involves three primary routes: oral, sublingual, and buccal. Oral ingestion is the most prevalent, safe, economical, and convenient method for drug administration. However, it has certain drawbacks, including limited absorption due to the drug's low water solubility or poor membrane permeability, possible emesis from GI mucosa irritation, destruction of drugs by digestive enzymes or low gastric pH, and irregular absorption along with food or other drugs.
374
Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters01:28

Factors Influencing Drug Absorption: Pharmaceutical Parameters

113
Solid dosage forms such as tablets and capsules undergo rigorous manufacturing processes to ensure stability and effectiveness. Their dissolution and absorption properties are influenced significantly by the choice of excipients (inactive ingredients that serve various roles in the formulation), and the methodology applied during production. The manufacturing parameters, such as compression force and granulation techniques, significantly affect dissolution rates. Elevated compression forces...
113
Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro01:16

Methods for Studying Drug Absorption: In vitro

199
In vitro experiments are crucial for understanding the transport and absorption of drugs through biological materials. These studies employ varied methods such as the diffusion cell method, the everted sac technique, and the everted ring technique.
The diffusion cell method uses a two-compartment cell, including a donor compartment with the drug solution, which simulates the environment where the drug is applied, and a receptor compartment with a buffer solution, which simulates the environment...
199
Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes01:22

Drug Delivery: Miscellaneous Routes

305
Drug delivery methods like oral inhalation, nasal sprays, transdermal patches, eye drops, intravitreal injection,  and rectal administration provide localized effects with reduced toxicity.
Oral inhalation and nasal sprays swiftly transfer drugs across the respiratory epithelium's mucosal layer. Inhaled glucocorticoids and bronchodilators directly target lung conditions such as asthma, while fluticasone nasal spray mitigates allergic rhinitis.
Transdermal patches transport drugs...
305
Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport01:23

Mechanisms of Drug Absorption: Paracellular, Transcellular, and Vesicular Transport

381
Drugs need to permeate cell membranes to reach their target sites after administration. Orally administered drugs must transcend intestinal epithelial membrane barriers to infiltrate the systemic circulation. Drugs with a molecular weight of less than 500 Daltons diffuse through gaps between neighboring cells, called paracellular pathways.
However, most drugs use the transcellular route, traversing directly through the cell membranes via two mechanisms: passive and active transport. Passive...
381

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Bacterial Cellulose Spheres that Encapsulate Solid Materials
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Cellulose-based delivery systems for bioactive ingredients: A review.

Yanan Xu1, Jiarui Guo1, Zihao Wei1

  • 1College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266400, China.

International Journal of Biological Macromolecules
|January 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Cellulose, despite limitations, is ideal for bioactive ingredient encapsulation. Modified cellulose delivery systems offer environmental benefits and tailored release, though large-scale production and in vivo studies need development.

Keywords:
Bioactive ingredientsCelluloseDelivery systemsEncapsulationModification

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science and Engineering
  • Food Science and Technology
  • Biotechnology

Background:

  • Cellulose possesses advantageous properties like abundant resources, structural designability, and mechanical strength, making it suitable for encapsulating bioactive ingredients.
  • Native cellulose's low water solubility, large morphology, and poor flexibility limit its direct use as a carrier, necessitating physical or chemical modification.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the features, preparation, recent advancements, and efficacy of various cellulose-based delivery systems for bioactive ingredients.
  • To highlight the unique benefits of cellulose delivery systems, including reduced environmental impact, ease of modification, stimuli-responsive release, and tailored design.

Main Methods:

  • Comprehensive literature review focusing on cellulose modification techniques for carrier development.
  • Analysis of cellulose-based delivery systems in various food industry applications, such as fat replacement, packaging, additives, and 3D-printed food.
  • Evaluation of the effectiveness and challenges associated with current cellulose-based delivery systems.

Main Results:

  • Cellulose and its derivatives are widely used in the food industry, with significant benefits observed in delivery systems.
  • Cellulose-based delivery systems demonstrate advantages in environmental sustainability, facile modification, controlled release, and customizable design.
  • Current challenges include optimizing modification methods, developing scalable commercial preparation techniques, creating multifunctional systems, and conducting in vivo evaluations.

Conclusions:

  • Cellulose-based delivery systems offer substantial potential for encapsulating bioactive ingredients, addressing limitations through modification.
  • Further research is needed to overcome challenges in large-scale production and in vivo validation to fully realize their application.
  • This review provides a theoretical foundation for developing novel delivery carriers and promoting the use of cellulose-based systems.