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Using the Race Model Inequality to Quantify Behavioral Multisensory Integration Effects
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Structural Determinants of School Discipline: Examining State-Level Racial Bias and Neighborhood Opportunity
Erin L Thompson1, Marybel R Gonzalez2, Kristin M Scardamalia3
1Florida International University, Miami, Florida.
Journal of the American Academy of Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
|January 22, 2025
Summary
State-level racial bias and neighborhood opportunity significantly impact school discipline disparities for Black youth. These place-based factors, not individual characteristics, contribute to higher suspension and detention rates among Black students.
Area of Science:
- Sociology
- Public Health
- Education Policy
Background:
- Disproportionate school discipline for Black youth contributes to lifelong disparities.
- Limited research exists on external factors like state-level racial bias and neighborhood opportunity influencing school discipline.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the role of state-level racial bias and neighborhood opportunity in school discipline disparities for Black youth.
- To examine how these place-based factors interact with individual and family characteristics.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of a subsample (n=8,668) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) Study.
- Measurement of anti-Black racial bias using state-level indicators and neighborhood opportunity using census tract data.
- Logistic regression to assess the risk of detention/suspension.
Main Results:
- Black youth exhibited higher detention/suspension rates than White youth, unexplained by individual factors.
- Neighborhood opportunity moderated the link between state racial bias and discipline for Black youth.
- Black youth in high-bias states faced higher discipline risk in opportunity-rich neighborhoods but faced high risk in low-opportunity neighborhoods regardless of bias.
Conclusions:
- Place-based characteristics are critical in understanding racial disparities in school discipline.
- Interventions should consider the interplay of state-level bias and neighborhood context.
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