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Does Amplitude Compression Help or Hinder Attentional Neural Speech Tracking?

Martin Orf1,2, Ronny Hannemann3,4, Jonas Obleser1,2

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck 23562, Germany m.orf@uni-luebeck.de jonas.obleser@uni-luebeck.de.

The Journal of Neuroscience : the Official Journal of the Society for Neuroscience
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Summary

Amplitude compression in speech may reduce neural tracking. However, compressing distracting sounds can enhance focus on target speech, potentially aiding individuals with hearing loss in noisy environments.

Keywords:
amplitude compressionelectroencephalographyhearing impairmentneural trackingselective attention

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Area of Science:

  • Auditory Neuroscience
  • Speech Processing
  • Hearing Aid Technology

Background:

  • Amplitude compression is crucial in audio production and hearing aids.
  • The neural effects of amplitude-compressed speech, particularly on neural tracking, are not fully understood.
  • Hypothesis: Amplitude compression may reduce neural tracking of speech, but could potentially suppress neural tracking of distracting sounds.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of amplitude compression on neural tracking of speech.
  • To explore whether compressing distracting sounds can improve attention to target speech.
  • To assess the effects on both normal-hearing and hearing-impaired individuals.

Main Methods:

  • Examined 24 young normal-hearing (NH), 19 older hearing-impaired (HI), and 12 older NH individuals.
  • Participants listened to two competing speech streams, focusing on one while ignoring the other.
  • Envelope compression (1:8 ratio, loudness-matched) was applied to speech streams; electroencephalography (EEG) measured neural tracking.

Main Results:

  • Compression of the attended speech stream reduced behavioral accuracy in HI participants and lowered neural tracking metrics overall.
  • Crucially, compressing the ignored (distracting) speech stream enhanced the neural representation of the uncompressed target speech.
  • This suggests a potential benefit of compression for selective attention in complex auditory scenes.

Conclusions:

  • Amplitude compression of speech can reduce neural tracking, particularly for hearing-impaired individuals.
  • Compressing irrelevant auditory streams may improve the neural representation of attended speech.
  • Intelligent compression algorithms could be developed to aid hearing-impaired individuals in noisy environments by suppressing distraction.