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Chronic kidney disease is linked to cognitive decline, particularly in mid-life. Albuminuria accelerates memory loss, especially in middle age.

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Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Neurology
  • Gerontology

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a significant risk factor for cognitive impairment, especially in older adults and Black individuals.
  • Understanding the differential impact of CKD on cognition across age groups and races is crucial for targeted interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate age and race-specific associations between CKD and incident cognitive impairment (ICI).
  • To analyze cognitive trajectories in individuals with and without CKD over a decade.

Main Methods:

  • A nationwide cohort study of 22,435 Black and White adults aged 45 and older without baseline cognitive impairment.
  • Kidney function assessed via estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and albumin-to-creatinine ratio (ACR).
  • Cognitive function evaluated using the Six-Item Screener and domain-specific tests over 10 years, analyzed with logistic regression and latent growth curve models.

Main Results:

  • CKD indicators (low eGFR, high ACR) were more strongly associated with ICI in mid-life (45-64 years) than in late-life (≥65 years).
  • Albuminuria (ACR > 300) was linked to lower initial cognitive scores and a steeper decline in memory function, particularly in mid-life.
  • No significant racial differences were observed in the association between CKD and cognitive impairment.

Conclusions:

  • The association between kidney disease and cognitive impairment is age-dependent, being stronger in mid-life.
  • Albuminuria is a key factor in cognitive decline, specifically memory function, with a pronounced effect in mid-life individuals.