Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions01:28

Magnetostatic Boundary Conditions

861
An electric field suffers a discontinuity at a surface charge. Similarly, a magnetic field is discontinuous at a surface current. The perpendicular component of a magnetic field is continuous across the interface of two magnetic mediums. In contrast, its parallel component, perpendicular to the current, is discontinuous by the amount equal to the product of the vacuum permeability and the surface current. Like the scalar potential in electrostatics, the vector potential is also continuous...
861
Normal and Shear Force01:14

Normal and Shear Force

2.0K
When a beam is subjected to different loads, such as weight, pressure, or other external forces, internal forces are generated within the beam. These forces can have a significant impact on the overall stability and strength of the structure. Engineers use various methods to analyze and determine the magnitude and direction of these internal forces. One common technique used to determine internal forces in beams is the method of sections. This method involves considering an imaginary point or...
2.0K
Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses01:22

Elastic Strain Energy for Normal Stresses

132
Strain energy quantifies the energy stored within a material due to deformation under loading conditions, a fundamental concept in materials science and engineering. The strain energy can be modeled when a material is subjected to axial loading with uniformly distributed stress. In this scenario, the stress experienced by the material is the internal force divided by the cross-sectional area, and the strain induced is directly proportional to this stress through the modulus of elasticity.
If...
132
Normal Strain under Axial Loading01:20

Normal Strain under Axial Loading

438
Normal strain under axial loading is an important concept in the field of mechanics of materials. Axial loading implies the application of a force along the axis of a material, like a column or bar. This force can either compress or stretch the material. In the context of axial loading, normal strain is the deformation experienced by the material in the direction of the loading force. It's calculated as the change in length divided by the original length of the material. This unitless ratio...
438
Equations of Motion: Normal and Tangetial Components01:10

Equations of Motion: Normal and Tangetial Components

400
Describing the motion of a particle along a curvilinear path involves understanding its components in terms of normal and tangential aspects. The normal component aligns with the radial direction of the curve at a specific point, reflecting changes in the trajectory of the velocity vector. In contrast, the tangential component is tangential to the curve at that point and signifies the rate at which speed alters along the path.
Newton's second law of motion is employed to articulate the...
400
Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete01:16

Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity of Concrete

250
The dynamic modulus of elasticity assesses how a concrete structure deforms under impact or dynamic loads. It is typically higher than the static modulus of elasticity, measured under slow, steady loading conditions.
The sonic test is a common method to determine the dynamic modulus. In this test, a concrete beam, sized either 6 x 6 x 30 inches or 4 x 4 x 20 inches, is clamped at its center. Vibrations are initiated at one end of the beam by an electromagnetic exciter unit powered by...
250

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Full-waveform tomography reveals iron spin crossover in Earth's lower mantle.

Nature communications·2024
Same author

Variation in bridgmanite grain size accounts for the mid-mantle viscosity jump.

Nature·2023
Same author

Insights on Upper Mantle Melting, Rheology, and Anelastic Behavior From Seismic Shear Wave Tomography.

Geochemistry, geophysics, geosystems : G(3)·2019
Same author

Density structure of Earth's lowermost mantle from Stoneley mode splitting observations.

Nature communications·2017
Same author

Regional variation of inner core anisotropy from seismic normal mode observations.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2010
Same author

The nature of the 660-kilometer discontinuity in Earth's mantle from global seismic observations of PP precursors.

Science (New York, N.Y.)·2006

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2025

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
07:58

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

9.3K

Global 3D model of mantle attenuation using seismic normal modes.

Sujania Talavera-Soza1, Laura Cobden2, Ulrich H Faul3,4

  • 1Department of Earth Sciences, Utrecht University, Utrecht, The Netherlands. s.a.talaverasoza@uu.nl.

Nature
|January 22, 2025
PubMed
Summary

This study presents the first whole-mantle 3D seismic attenuation model, revealing distinct thermal and compositional structures. It shows upper mantle thermal origins and lower mantle compositional differences, clarifying mantle convection dynamics.

More Related Videos

Measurement of Chladni Mode Shapes with an Optical Lever Method
04:39

Measurement of Chladni Mode Shapes with an Optical Lever Method

Published on: June 5, 2020

5.1K
Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations
12:09

Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations

Published on: January 8, 2013

13.6K

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2025

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt
07:58

Data Processing Methods for 3D Seismic Imaging of Subsurface Volcanoes: Applications to the Tarim Flood Basalt

Published on: August 7, 2017

9.3K
Measurement of Chladni Mode Shapes with an Optical Lever Method
04:39

Measurement of Chladni Mode Shapes with an Optical Lever Method

Published on: June 5, 2020

5.1K
Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations
12:09

Patient-specific Modeling of the Heart: Estimation of Ventricular Fiber Orientations

Published on: January 8, 2013

13.6K

Area of Science:

  • Geophysics
  • Seismology
  • Earth Science

Background:

  • Seismic velocity models alone cannot differentiate thermal from compositional origins of Earth's deep structure.
  • Understanding mantle convection requires distinguishing between thermal and compositional influences.
  • Global 3D attenuation models were previously limited to the upper mantle.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a comprehensive 3D global attenuation model for the entire mantle.
  • To differentiate thermal and compositional origins of Earth's 3D structure using seismic attenuation.
  • To enhance understanding of mantle convection evolution.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized whole-Earth seismic oscillations to construct a 3D global attenuation model.
  • Constrained seismic attenuation down to spherical harmonics of degree four.
  • Integrated seismic wave speeds with attenuation data.

Main Results:

  • Confirmed thermal origins in the upper mantle where high attenuation correlates with low velocity.
  • Observed the opposite in the lower mantle: high attenuation in seismically fast regions ('ring around the Pacific') and low attenuation in large low-seismic-velocity provinces (LLSVPs).
  • Interpreted the circum-Pacific region as colder with smaller grain sizes, contrasting with warmer, larger-grained LLSVPs.

Conclusions:

  • The new model provides crucial insights into whole-mantle heterogeneity and convection.
  • LLSVPs are confirmed as long-lived, stable features based on inferred temperature and grain size variations.
  • The findings advance our understanding of the dynamic processes shaping Earth's mantle.