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Scaling and networking a modular photonic quantum computer.

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  • 1Xanadu Quantum Technologies Inc., Toronto, Ontario, Canada.

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Researchers built a photonic quantum computer model using 35 chips. This demonstrates a scalable path towards universal, fault-tolerant quantum computing with integrated photonic systems.

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum computing
  • Photonics
  • Integrated photonics

Background:

  • Photonics is a promising platform for quantum computing due to chip integration, fiber optics, and room-temperature operation.
  • Complete integrated systems with basic functionalities for universal and fault-tolerant quantum computing require experimental demonstration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To construct and demonstrate a scale model of a photonic quantum computer.
  • To showcase the feasibility of integrated systems for universal and fault-tolerant quantum computation.

Main Methods:

  • Constructed a quantum computer model using 35 photonic chips, 84 squeezers, and 36 photon-number-resolving detectors.
  • Networked discrete, scalable modules over fiber-optic interconnects.
  • Demonstrated key building blocks for universality and fault tolerance, including heralded synthesis of non-Gaussian states and adaptive measurements.

Main Results:

  • Synthesized a cluster state entangled across separate chips with 86.4 billion modes.
  • Implemented the foliated distance-2 repetition code with real-time decoding.
  • Demonstrated heralded synthesis of resource states, real-time multiplexing, spatiotemporal cluster-state formation, and adaptive measurements.

Conclusions:

  • The constructed photonic quantum computer model demonstrates the path to cross the fault-tolerant threshold.
  • This work lays the foundation for scaling photonic quantum computers to address useful applications.
  • Analysis of optical loss tolerances provides insights into overcoming a major hurdle for fault tolerance.