Breaking Barriers Transforming Primary Care to Serve the Physical Health Needs of Individuals With SMI in the NHS

This critical review paper examines the health inequalities faced by individuals with Severe Mental Illness (SMI) in the United Kingdom; highlighting the disproportionate burden of physical health conditions such as respiratory disorders, cardiac illnesses, diabetes and stroke amongst this population. These conditions contribute to a significantly higher rate of premature mortality in individuals with SMI, with two-thirds of these deaths deemed preventable. Despite the National Health Service (NHS) acknowledging the need to address these health inequalities, the mortality gap between those with and without SMI continues to widen. Additionally, there is limited engagement from service users in annual physical health checks, a concern that this paper addresses by identifying several barriers and providing recommendations to improve access and engagement in physical health checks. This review emphasises the focus on primary care systems as a critical point for addressing health disparities in individuals with SMI. Also, it highlights the need for primary care services to be more adaptive and integrated, playing a key role in managing the physical health of patients with SMI through regular health checks, flexible service delivery, and enhanced coordination with secondary care. Effectively supporting individuals with SMI requires tailored, integrated primary care interventions that address both psychological and physical health challenges, considering diverse demographic needs across the UK.