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Suicidality in first-generation, second-generation and non-immigrant youth in Canada
Ishika Obeegadoo1, Mila Kingsbury1, Kelly K Anderson2,3,4
1School of Epidemiology and Public Health, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada.
Journal of Migration and Health
|January 23, 2025
Summary
Second-generation immigrant youth face a higher risk of suicidal ideation and attempts compared to first-generation and non-immigrant peers. This risk is influenced by factors like socioeconomic status, parental divorce, and sex.
Area of Science:
- Public Health
- Sociology
- Child and Adolescent Psychiatry
Background:
- Global migration is increasing, with mixed evidence on the mental health of migrant children.
- The 'healthy immigrant effect' may not extend to subsequent generations regarding mental health outcomes.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare suicidal ideation and suicide attempt prevalence in first-generation, second-generation, and non-immigrant youth.
- To examine how sociodemographic factors moderate these associations.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of a national, representative cross-sectional survey (2019 Canadian Health Survey on Children and Youth) of youth aged 15-17 years.
- Multivariable logistic regression to assess the association between migrant status and past-year suicidal ideation/attempt.
- Investigation of moderation effects by sociodemographic factors (sex, income, parental divorce).
Main Results:
- Second-generation immigrants showed a nearly twofold increased risk of suicide attempts compared to first-generation and non-immigrants (OR 1.68).
- This association was stronger for second-generation youth not from low-income households (OR 2.04) and those with divorced parents (OR 5.19).
- Suicidal ideation associations were stronger in males (OR 1.78) and those with divorced parents (OR 4.13).
Conclusions:
- The healthy immigrant effect regarding suicidality does not appear to persist into the second generation.
- Sociodemographic factors significantly moderate the mental health risks for second-generation immigrant youth.
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