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Possible mechanisms of spermatogenic dysfunction induced by viral infections: Insights from COVID-19

Keisuke Okada1,2, Chanhyon Kin2, Yosuke Yamashita2

  • 1Department of Urology Kobe City Medical Center West Hospital Kobe Japan.

Reproductive Medicine and Biology
|January 23, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Viral infections like COVID-19 can impair sperm production (spermatogenesis) through various mechanisms. Understanding these effects on male reproductive health is crucial for future viral threats.

Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Immunology
  • Virology
  • Male Reproductive Health

Background:

  • The precise mechanisms of viral-induced spermatogenic dysfunction, especially from SARS-CoV-2, require further elucidation.
  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on how viral infections impact sperm production and male fertility.
  • Findings may inform strategies for managing reproductive health issues arising from future viral outbreaks.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the mechanisms by which viral infections, particularly COVID-19, disrupt spermatogenesis.
  • To highlight the implications of these disruptions for male reproductive health.
  • To provide insights applicable to future viral infections.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive search of the PubMed database was conducted.
  • Included original and review articles focusing on viral infections and spermatogenic dysfunction.
  • Specifically investigated the role of SARS-CoV-2 in male reproductive health.

Main Results:

  • SARS-CoV-2 impacts the testis via ACE2 receptor entry, direct viral damage, and inflammation.
  • Mechanisms include blood-testis barrier disruption, hormonal imbalance, and oxidative stress.
  • These factors collectively impair spermatogenesis and testicular function.

Conclusions:

  • COVID-19 can disrupt spermatogenesis through direct infection, inflammation, hormonal changes, and oxidative stress.
  • Continued research, vaccination, and clinical monitoring are vital.
  • Effective prevention and treatment strategies for viral-induced reproductive challenges are necessary.
Keywords:
SARS‐COV‐2covid‐19male infertilityspermatogenesis

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