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Related Concept Videos

Brain Imaging01:14

Brain Imaging

208
Brain imaging technologies provide critical insights into both the structure and function of the human brain, enabling medical professionals and researchers to diagnose, study, and treat neurological disorders or psychiatric disorders more effectively.
These technologies include computerized axial tomography (CAT or CT scans), positron-emission tomography (PET scans),  magnetic resonance imaging (MRI),  functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and Transcranial Magnetic...
208

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Diffusion Tensor Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Analysis of Neurodegenerative Diseases
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Brain microstructure alterations in subjective cognitive decline: a multi-component T2 relaxometry study.

Miguel Ángel Rivas-Fernández1, Mustapha Bouhrara2, Erick J Canales-Rodríguez3,4,5

  • 1Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, Children's Hospital of Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90027, USA.

Brain Communications
|January 23, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Subjective cognitive decline with hippocampal atrophy shows altered brain water and microstructural changes, not myelin differences. These findings suggest potential neuroinflammation or degeneration in early Alzheimer's disease stages.

Keywords:
intra-extracellular water fractionmyelin contentneuroinflammationneuromicrostructural tissue integrity

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neuroimaging
  • Alzheimer's Disease Research

Background:

  • Subjective cognitive decline (SCD) may precede Alzheimer's disease (AD).
  • Brain atrophy is known in SCD, but myelin and microstructural changes are understudied.
  • Investigating microstructural integrity is crucial for understanding early AD pathology.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate myelin content and microstructural alterations in SCD using MRI.
  • To compare MRI biomarkers across cognitively unimpaired, SCD with hippocampal atrophy, and SCD without hippocampal atrophy groups.
  • To identify early pathological changes in SCD relevant to AD progression.

Main Methods:

  • Recruited participants from the Compostela Aging Study project.
  • Utilized multi-component T2 relaxometry to analyze five MRI biomarkers.
  • Compared three groups: cognitively unimpaired (n=53), SCD with hippocampal atrophy (n=16), and SCD without hippocampal atrophy (n=70).

Main Results:

  • No significant differences in myelin content were found between groups.
  • The SCD with hippocampal atrophy group showed increased free-water fraction.
  • This group also exhibited reduced intra/extracellular water fraction and relaxation times in multiple brain regions and white matter tracts.
  • Both SCD groups had lower total water content than controls.

Conclusions:

  • Microstructural tissue differences, not myelin changes, characterize SCD with hippocampal atrophy.
  • Observed alterations suggest potential neuroinflammation, axonal degeneration, or iron accumulation.
  • Further research is needed to elucidate the precise physiological variations in early AD.