Design of pH-Responsive Nanomaterials Based on the Tumor Microenvironment

The metabolic activity of tumor cells leads to the acidification of the surrounding microenvironment, which provides new strategies for the application of nanotechnology in cancer therapy. Researchers have developed various types of pH-responsive nanomaterials based on the tumor acidic microenvironment. This review provides an in-depth discussion on the design mechanisms, drug-loading strategies, and application pathways of tumor acidic microenvironment-responsive nanodrug delivery systems. These materials trigger drug release upon reaching the tumor microenvironment, enhancing therapeutic targeting and reducing toxicity to healthy cells. pH-responsive nanomaterials include organic nanomaterials, inorganic nanomaterials, and composite nanomaterials. Additionally, this review outlines the drug-loading strategies, application prospects, and challenges of pH-responsive nanomaterials, aiming to promote the development and clinical translation of this field.