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Association of Cardiovascular Risk Factors With Major and Minor Electrocardiographic Abnormalities: A Report From the
Pooria Ahmadi1, Sajjad Ahmadi-Renani2, Parmida Sadat Pezeshki2
1Department of Cardiology, Shariati Hospital, School of Medicine Tehran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran.
Insights
Electrocardiogram (ECG) abnormalities are linked to cardiovascular risk factors like diabetes and hypertension. Identifying these ECG changes can help detect individuals at higher risk for cardiovascular disease.
Area of Science:
- Cardiology
- Preventive Medicine
- Public Health
Background:
- Cardiovascular diseases remain a leading cause of mortality globally.
- Electrocardiographic (ECG) abnormalities can indicate underlying cardiac issues.
- Identifying associations between ECG findings and risk factors is crucial for early detection and prevention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the relationship between major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and various cardiovascular risk factors.
- To determine which risk factors are significantly associated with ECG abnormalities in an adult population.
Main Methods:
- Analysis of baseline data from the Tehran Cohort Study, including 7630 adults aged 35 and above.
- Categorization of electrocardiograms (ECGs) into major and minor abnormalities based on clinical significance.
- Application of multivariable logistic regression to identify associations and express results as odds ratios (ORs).
Main Results:
- 9.9% of participants had major ECG abnormalities, and 33.1% had minor abnormalities.
- Older age, diabetes (OR=1.35), and hypertension (OR=2.21) were associated with increased risk of major ECG abnormalities.
- Higher physical activity levels were associated with a lower prevalence of major abnormalities (OR=0.66).
Conclusions:
- Major and minor ECG abnormalities are significantly associated with key cardiovascular risk factors, including hypertension and diabetes.
- ECG screening in individuals with cardiovascular risk factors can aid in identifying high-risk patients.
- Early identification through ECG can facilitate timely medical intervention and follow-up.
Background And Aims:
In the current study, we aimed to identify the association between major and minor electrocardiographic abnormalities and cardiovascular risk factors.
Methods:
We used the Tehran cohort study baseline data, an ongoing multidisciplinary, longitudinal study designed to identify cardiovascular disease risk factors in the adult population of Tehran. The electrocardiograms (ECGs) of 7630 Iranian adults aged 35 years and above were analyzed. ECG abnormalities were categorized into major or minor groups based on their clinical importance. Results were obtained by multivariable logistic regression and are expressed as odds ratios (ORs).
Results:
A total of 756 (9.9%) participants had major ECG abnormalities, while minor abnormalities were detected in 2526 (33.1%). Males comprised 45.8% of the total population, and 41.8% of them had minor abnormalities. Individuals with older age, diabetes (OR = 1.35; 95% CI: 1.11-1.64), and hypertension (OR = 2.21; 95% CI: 1.82-2.68) had an increased risk of major ECG abnormalities. In contrast, intermediate (OR = 0.69; 95% CI: 0.57-0.84) and high physical activity levels (OR = 0.66; 95% CI: 0.51-0.86) were associated with a lower prevalence of major abnormalities. Male sex, older age, hypertension, and current smoking were also associated with an increased prevalence of ECG abnormalities combined (major or minor).
Conclusion:
Major and minor ECG abnormalities are linked with important cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Since these abnormalities have been associated with poor outcomes, screening patients with cardiovascular risk factors with an ECG may distinguish high-risk individuals who require appropriate care and follow-up.
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