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Updated: May 31, 2025

Developing a Rat Model for Bipolar Disorder

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Published on: May 2, 2025

Time perception in bipolar disorder: a systematic review.

Andrea Escelsior^1,2, Maria Bianca Amadeo³, Alberto Inuggi²

¹IRCCS Ospedale Policlinico San Martino, Genoa, Italy.

Acta Neuropsychiatrica

|January 23, 2025

Summary

Patients with bipolar disorder (BD) show normal time perception for short intervals but altered time judgment in longer durations, depending on manic or depressive states. Further research is crucial for understanding BD.

Keywords:

Time perception bipolar disorder depression mania time

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Area of Science:

Neuroscience
Psychiatry
Chronobiology

Background:

Time distortions are a hallmark of severe mental disorders, including bipolar disorder (BD).
Understanding these temporal alterations is key to comprehending BD's clinical and neurobiological aspects.

Purpose of the Study:

To systematically review experimental studies on time perception in bipolar disorder (BD).
To explore psychopathological and cognitive correlates of altered time perception in BD.

Main Methods:

Searched for experimental studies objectively measuring time judgment capacity in BD patients.
Classified studies by explicit/implicit perception, sub-second/supra-second intervals, and perceptual/motor timing paradigms.

Main Results:

Eleven studies met inclusion criteria.
BD patients performed similarly to controls for sub-second intervals.
For supra-second intervals, BD patients overestimated duration during mania and underestimated it during depression.

Conclusions:

BD patients exhibit altered time perception in supra-second intervals, varying with clinical state.
Further research on time perception in BD, especially concerning clinical phases and cognition, is vital.
Insights can improve understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of bipolar disorder.