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Do children with type 1 diabetes mellitus remain protected against hepatitis B?

Pınar Yılmazbaş1, Diğdem Bezen2, Eren Vurgun3

  • 1Department of Pediatrics, Health Science University, Prof Dr Cemil Taşcıoğlu City Hospital, Istanbul, Türkiye.

Journal of Pediatric Endocrinology & Metabolism : JPEM
|January 23, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Children with type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) show reduced antibody response to Hepatitis B vaccination. Testing anti-HBs serology at diagnosis and revaccinating seronegative children is recommended.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Endocrinology
  • Pediatrics

Background:

  • Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is associated with impaired immune function.
  • This may lead to a diminished immune response to vaccinations, including Hepatitis B.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare Hepatitis B surface antibody (anti-HBs) serology in children with T1DM versus healthy children at diagnosis.
  • To investigate factors associated with anti-HBs levels in T1DM patients.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective analysis of anti-HBs and Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) results from 214 children with T1DM and 210 healthy children.
  • Comparison of seropositivity rates and odds between groups.
  • Investigation of clinical and laboratory data in relation to anti-HBs status.

Main Results:

  • Children with T1DM had significantly lower anti-HBs seropositivity rates and titers compared to healthy controls.
  • No significant differences in anti-HBs status were observed based on gender, BMI, comorbidities, autoantibodies, or lipid profiles.
  • Higher diagnosis age and HbA1c levels were noted in anti-HBs negative T1DM patients, but these did not significantly alter seropositivity odds after adjustment.

Conclusions:

  • Children diagnosed with T1DM exhibit a weaker immune response to Hepatitis B vaccination.
  • Routine anti-HBs serology testing at T1DM diagnosis is recommended.
  • Seronegative T1DM patients should receive additional Hepatitis B vaccination to ensure adequate protection.
Abstract

Keywords:
anti-HBschildrenhepatitis Btype 1 diabetes mellitus

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