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Vitamin B12 binding proteins in amniotic fluid.

P Gimsing, L Toft, M Felbo

    Acta Obstetricia Et Gynecologica Scandinavica
    |January 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary

    Haptocorrin, a cobalamin-binding protein, increases significantly in amniotic fluid during pregnancy. This protein, mainly from the fetus, may offer bacteriostatic protection.

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    Area of Science:

    • Biochemistry
    • Maternal-Fetal Medicine
    • Nutritional Science

    Background:

    • Cobalamin (vitamin B12) transport and binding proteins are crucial for its bioavailability.
    • Haptocorrin (also known as R-protein) and intrinsic factor are the primary cobalamin-binding proteins in humans.
    • Amniotic fluid composition changes throughout gestation, potentially influencing nutrient transport and fetal development.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To quantify the unsaturated cobalamin-binding capacity of haptocorrin and non-haptocorrin proteins in amniotic fluid.
    • To investigate the relationship between these binding capacities and gestational age, fetal sex, and birth parameters.
    • To explore the origin and potential function of haptocorrin in amniotic fluid.

    Main Methods:

    • Analysis of unsaturated cobalamin-binding capacity in amniotic fluid specimens collected via amniocentesis and at parturition.
    • Assaying both haptocorrin and non-haptocorrin binding capacities.
    • Correlating binding capacities with clinical data including gestational age, birth weight, placental weight, and maternal plasma levels.

    Main Results:

    • Haptocorrin cobalamin-binding capacity increases significantly after 15 weeks of gestation, reaching 1.4–26.8 nmol/l at parturition.
    • Non-haptocorrin binding capacity constitutes less than 1% of the total.
    • Binding capacities did not correlate with birth weight, placental weight, or amniotic fluid protein concentration.
    • Amniotic fluid haptocorrin concentration is approximately 3:1 compared to maternal plasma.
    • Higher haptocorrin binding capacity was observed in pregnancies with female fetuses and in a case of twins.

    Conclusions:

    • Haptocorrin is the predominant cobalamin-binding protein in amniotic fluid.
    • Fetal origin of amniotic fluid haptocorrin is suggested.
    • Elevated haptocorrin levels in amniotic fluid may play a role in fetal protection, potentially through bacteriostatic mechanisms.

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