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Relationship between sleep disorders and information processing speed in multiple sclerosis.

Fereshteh Ashtari1, Arshia Ghalamkari2, Saba Naghavi1

  • 1Isfahan Neurosciences Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran; Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.

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Cognitive impairment in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) is linked to Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) severity, not Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA). Early RLS screening and treatment are crucial for improving information processing speed (IPS) in pwMS.

Keywords:
Cognitive dysfunctionInformation processing speedMultiple sclerosisObstructive sleep apneaRestless legs syndrome

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Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Neurology

Background:

  • Cognitive impairment, particularly in Information Processing Speed (IPS), affects up to 65% of people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).
  • Sleep disturbances are known predictors of diminished IPS in pwMS.
  • Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) are common sleep disorders that may impact cognitive function in pwMS.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the severity of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) and Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) symptoms and Information Processing Speed (IPS) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS).

Main Methods:

  • A cross-sectional study involving 211 pwMS (relapsing-remitting and secondary progressive MS).
  • Assessment of OSA symptoms using Berlin and STOP-Bang questionnaires.
  • Evaluation of RLS presence and severity using the International Restless Legs Syndrome Study Group (IRLSSG) scale.
  • Measurement of visual processing speed using the language and education-independent Integrated Cognitive Assessment (ICA) test.

Main Results:

  • Higher RLS severity scores were significantly associated with lower IPS (ICA index: 0.61 ± 0.12 in high-risk RLS group vs. 0.66 ± 0.09 in low-risk RLS group, p < 0.01).
  • No significant association was found between OSA symptom severity and IPS as measured by the ICA index.
  • The study included 211 pwMS, with a mean age of 36.73 ± 8.9 years, and 81.9% were female.

Conclusions:

  • Impairments in Information Processing Speed (IPS) in people with multiple sclerosis (pwMS) are linked to the severity of Restless Legs Syndrome (RLS) symptoms.
  • Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) severity was not found to be significantly associated with IPS in this cohort.
  • Given the high prevalence and underdiagnosis of RLS in pwMS, and its impact on quality of life, screening and treating RLS is important for this population.