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Related Concept Videos

Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms-SNPs01:05

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A single nucleotide polymorphism or SNP is a single nucleotide variation at a specific genomic position in a large population. It is the most prevalent type of sequence variation found in the human genome. Point mutations that occur in more than 1% of the population qualify as SNPs. These are present once every 1000 nucleotides on an average in the human genome. Replacement of a purine with another purine (A/G) or a pyrimidine with another pyrimidine (C/T) is known as a transition. In contrast,...
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In 1928, a German botanist Emil Heitz observed the moss nuclei with a DNA binding dye. He observed that while some chromatin regions decondense and spread out in the interphase nucleus, others do not. He termed them euchromatin and heterochromatin, respectively. He proposed that the heterochromatin regions reflect a functionally inactive state of the genome. It was later confirmed that heterochromatin is transcriptionally repressed, and euchromatin is transcriptionally active chromatin.
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Updated: May 31, 2025

The Visual Colorimetric Detection of Multi-nucleotide Polymorphisms on a Pneumatic Droplet Manipulation Platform
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Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Highlighted via Heterogeneous Light-Induced Dissipative Structure.

Shuichi Toyouchi1,2, Seiya Oomachi1,2,3, Ryoma Hasegawa1,2,3

  • 1Research Institute for Light-induced Acceleration System (RILACS), Osaka Metropolitan University, 1-2 Gakuencho, Nakaku, Sakai, Osaka 599-8570, Japan.

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|January 23, 2025
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Summary

Researchers developed a novel method using light to assemble DNA-functionalized particles. This technique rapidly detects single nucleotide polymorphisms with high specificity, avoiding PCR amplification.

Keywords:
fluorescencenanoparticlesoptical condensationoptical forcephotothermal effectsingle nucleotide polymorphisms

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Nanotechnology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Biological structure complexity arises from DNA behavior in microenvironments.
  • Environmental factors influence DNA sequence behavior within cells.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate light-induced DNA assembly for enhanced specificity in detecting DNA sequences.
  • To explore a PCR-free method for identifying single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).

Main Methods:

  • Utilizing dye-modified single-stranded DNA and DNA-functionalized heterogeneous probe particles.
  • Employing light-induced assembly in microwells, leveraging Mie scattering and localized surface plasmons.
  • Analyzing fluorescence intensity changes correlated with DNA concentration after laser irradiation.

Main Results:

  • Observed significant differences in fluorescence from DNA assembly.
  • Demonstrated accelerated hybridization and enhanced specificity due to optical forces and photothermal effects.
  • Achieved high specificity, reducing fluorescence by a few percent even with one-base mismatched sequences, enabling clear SNP highlighting.
  • Established a positive correlation between fluorescence intensity and complementary DNA concentrations (tens of fg/μL) within 5 minutes.
  • Estimated DNA amounts in assembled structures ranging from 2.36 ymol to 2.36 amol.

Conclusions:

  • Developed a novel, rapid, and highly specific method for DNA detection and SNP identification.
  • The light-induced assembly approach offers a promising PCR-free strategy for biological sensing and nanocomposite structure production.