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A morphometric analysis of the cranial base in trigonocephaly
Courtney Barnes1, Anil Madaree2, Lelika Lazarus1
1Department of Clinical Anatomy, School of Laboratory Medicine and Medical Sciences, University of KwaZulu-Natal, Durban, South Africa.
Summary
Trigonocephaly, a premature metopic suture fusion, alters cranial fossa dimensions. Compensatory growth in the posterior cranial fossa (PCF) was significant, aiding surgeons in treatment planning.
Area of Science:
- Craniofacial surgery
- Pediatric neurosurgery
- Medical imaging
Background:
- Trigonocephaly results from premature metopic suture fusion, impacting anterior cranial vault development.
- Limited research exists on the comprehensive morphometry of the anterior cranium in trigonocephaly, focusing instead on isolated cranial fossae.
- Understanding cranial fossa morphometrics is crucial for effective surgical intervention.
Purpose of the Study:
- To compare anterior cranial fossa (ACF) dimensions in trigonocephaly patients versus controls.
- To assess middle cranial fossa (MCF) and posterior cranial fossa (PCF) volumes for compensatory growth in trigonocephaly.
- To correlate morphometric data with trigonocephaly severity using frontal angle (FA) and endocranial bifrontal angle (EBA).
Main Methods:
- Morphometric analysis of the ACF using anatomical landmarks on CT scans.
- Volumetric assessment of the MCF and PCF from preoperative 2D CT scans.
- Comparison between 15 non-syndromic trigonocephaly patients and 8 controls.
Main Results:
- Younger, severe trigonocephaly patients showed larger ACF dimensions than controls.
- Older patients with moderate/severe trigonocephaly had smaller ACF dimensions compared to controls.
- Significant MCF volume (p=0.05) and larger PCF volumes were observed in trigonocephaly patients, with PCF showing 30.4% compensatory growth.
Conclusions:
- Trigonocephaly significantly alters ACF morphometry, with age-dependent variations.
- Compensatory growth, particularly in the PCF, is a key feature of trigonocephaly.
- Morphometric data provides valuable insights for craniofacial surgeons in planning corrective treatments for trigonocephaly.
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