Search research articles

ABOUT JoVE

Overview Leadership Blog JoVE Help Center

AUTHORS

Publishing Process Editorial Board Scope & Policies Peer Review FAQ Submit

LIBRARIANS

Testimonials Subscriptions Access Resources Library Advisory Board FAQ

RESEARCH

JoVE Journal Methods Collections JoVE Encyclopedia of Experiments Archive

EDUCATION

JoVE Core JoVE Business JoVE Science Education JoVE Lab Manual Faculty Resource Center Faculty Site

Terms & Conditions of Use

Related Concept Videos

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Translocation of Proteins into the Mitochondria

Mitochondrial precursors are translocated to the internal subcompartments via independent mechanisms involving distinct protein machineries called translocases.
Sorting of outer membrane proteins:
Mitochondrial outer membrane proteins are of two types: the transmembrane, beta-barrel porins, and the membrane-anchored, alpha-helical proteins. Beta-barrel porin precursors are translocated by the TOM complex and inserted into the outer mitochondrial membrane by the SAM complex. In contrast,...

Protein Complex Assembly

Protein Complex Assembly

Proteins can form homomeric complexes with another unit of the same protein or heteromeric complexes with different types. Most protein complexes self-assemble spontaneously via ordered pathways, while some proteins need assembly factors that guide their proper assembly. Despite the crowded intracellular environment, proteins usually interact with their correct partners and form functional complexes.
Many viruses self-assemble into a fully functional unit using the infected host cell to...

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruit Development, Structure, and Function

Fruits form from a mature flower ovary. As seeds develop from the ovules contained within, the ovary wall undergoes a series of complex changes to form fruit. In some fruits, such as soybeans, the ovary wall dries; in other fruits, such as grapes, it remains fleshy. In some cases, organs other than the ovary contribute to fruit formation; such fruits are called accessory fruits.

Riboswitches

Riboswitches

Riboswitches are non-coding mRNA domains that regulate the transcription and translation of downstream genes without the help of proteins. Riboswitches bind directly to a metabolite and can form unique stem-loop or hairpin structures in response to the amount of the metabolite present. They have two distinct regions – a metabolite-binding aptamer and an expression platform.
The aptamer has high specificity for a particular metabolite which allows riboswitches to specifically regulate...

The Proteasome

The Proteasome

Eukaryotic cells can degrade proteins through several pathways. One of the most important amongst these is the ubiquitin-proteasome pathway. It helps the cell eliminate the misfolded, damaged, or unwarranted cytoplasmic proteins in a highly specific manner.
In this pathway, the target proteins are first tagged with small proteins called ubiquitin. A series of enzymes carry out the ubiquitination of the target proteins - E1 (ubiquitin-activating enzyme), E2 (ubiquitin-conjugating enzyme), and E3...

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Regulation of Nuclear Protein Sorting

Nuclear protein sorting regulates nucleus composition and gene expression, crucial for determining the fate of a eukaryotic cell. Hence, the entry and exit of molecules across the nuclear envelope is a tightly controlled process. Nuclear protein sorting can be inhibited by one of the following ways: 1) masking cargo signal sequences, 2) modifying the nuclear receptor's affinity for cargo, 3) controlling the nuclear pore size, 4) retaining the cargo during its transit to the cytosol or the...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by

Same author

Bifidobacterium bifidum TMC3115-RAW264.7 cell conditioned mediums promote the synaptic development of primary hippocampal neuron via activating IL-6/JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway.

Brain, behavior, and immunity·2026

Same author

Biomolecular condensates for proteostasis and potential therapeutic applications.

Molecular cell·2026

Same author

Inflammatory reprogramming of immature oligodendrocytes perturbs myelination and neurodevelopment in a dual-hit model of preterm brain injury.

Brain, behavior, & immunity - health·2026

Same author

Ethylene restrains brassinosteroid-driven petal growth through RhMPK7-mediated phosphorylation of RhBZR1 in rose.

The New phytologist·2026

Same author

Porosity optimization and Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub> functionalization synergistically enhance nitrate adsorption on bamboo biochar.

Scientific reports·2026

Same author

Ginsenoside Rb1 alleviates endothelial dysfunction and vascular remodeling in preeclampsia via activation of the PI3K-Akt-eNOS pathway.

Scientific reports·2026

Search research articles

Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2025

Assaying Proteasomal Degradation in a Cell-free System in Plants

Assaying Proteasomal Degradation in a Cell-free System in Plants

Published on: March 26, 2014

26S Proteasome Subunit SlPBB2 Regulates Fruit Development and Ripening in Tomato.

Pei-Yu Zhang¹, Cui-Cui Wang², Wen Jia¹

¹Fruit Biology Laboratory, College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100083, China.

Journal of Agricultural and Food Chemistry

|January 24, 2025

Summary

Proteasomes regulate plant development. This study shows the proteasome subunit SlPPB2 is crucial for tomato fruit development, impacting chloroplasts, chlorophyll, size, and delaying ripening.

Keywords:

chloroplast proteasome β2 subunit ripening tomato (Ailsa Craig)

More Related Videos

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 24, 2012

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: May 31, 2025

Assaying Proteasomal Degradation in a Cell-free System in Plants

Assaying Proteasomal Degradation in a Cell-free System in Plants

Published on: March 26, 2014

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Identification of Post-translational Modifications of Plant Protein Complexes

Published on: February 22, 2014

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

Profiling Thiol Redox Proteome Using Isotope Tagging Mass Spectrometry

Published on: March 24, 2012

Area of Science:

Plant Biology
Molecular Biology
Biochemistry

Background:

Proteasomes are essential protein complexes involved in protein degradation (proteolysis).
They play vital roles in plant development and stress responses.
The specific role of proteasomes in fruit development and ripening remains largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the function of the core proteasome subunit, SlPPB2, in tomato fruit development and ripening.
To elucidate the proteasome's regulatory role in fruit maturation processes.

Main Methods:

Virus-induced gene silencing (VIGS) was used to study SlPPB2 function.
RNA interference (RNAi) driven by a fruit-specific promoter (PP2C) was employed for targeted gene silencing in fruits.
Phenotypic analysis of silenced tomato plants and fruits was conducted.

Main Results:

Complete silencing of SlPPB2 led to seedling lethality.
RNAi-mediated silencing of SlPPB2 in fruits resulted in normal plant development.
SlPPB2 silencing in fruits impaired chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism.
Silencing SlPPB2 increased tomato fruit size and delayed ripening.

Conclusions:

The core proteasome subunit SlPPB2 plays a critical role in tomato fruit development and ripening.
Proteasomes are involved in regulating chloroplast development and chlorophyll metabolism during fruit maturation.
These findings offer new insights into the molecular mechanisms governing fruit ripening.