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Convergent evolution in angiosperms adapted to cold climates.

Shuo Wang1, Jing Li1, Ping Yu2

  • 1National Key Laboratory for Development and Utilization of Forest Food Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China.

Plant Communications
|January 24, 2025
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Summary

Convergent evolution is common in frost-adapted angiosperms, with plants independently evolving cold tolerance mechanisms. This highlights repeated evolutionary patterns in cold climates and informs predictions for plant adaptation to climate change.

Keywords:
angiospermconvergent evolutionfreezing toleranceglobal warmingpolyploidizationtandem duplication

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Area of Science:

  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Science
  • Climate Change Adaptation

Background:

  • Convergent and parallel evolution are more frequent than previously recognized.
  • Frost zones cover nearly half of Earth's land surface and host numerous angiosperm families.
  • Angiosperm adaptations to sub-zero temperatures are crucial for understanding plant survival in cold climates.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the frequency and mechanisms of convergent evolution in angiosperms adapting to sub-zero temperatures.
  • To analyze the global biogeography and evolutionary trajectories of frost-adaptive plant traits.
  • To explore physiological, molecular, and genomic underpinnings of cold acclimation in plants.

Main Methods:

  • Review of historical research on convergent and parallel evolution.
  • Analysis of global biogeographical data for angiosperm families in frost zones.
  • Examination of plant traits, physiological, and molecular mechanisms of cold adaptation, including gene regulation and polyploidy.

Main Results:

  • 137 angiosperm families thrive in frost zones, demonstrating significant adaptation to cold.
  • Independent evolution of cold acclimation mechanisms, including CBF/DREB1 pathway and other molecular changes.
  • Prevalence of polyploidy and paleopolyploidization events in cold climates, indicating repeated evolution.

Conclusions:

  • Convergent evolution plays a significant role in angiosperm adaptation to cold climates.
  • Understanding these evolutionary patterns is vital for predicting plant responses to climate change and global warming.
  • Integrating ecological and molecular data is essential for forecasting plant migration and in situ adaptation strategies.