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Related Concept Videos

Muscles of the Shoulder01:23

Muscles of the Shoulder

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The muscles surrounding the shoulder girdle, including the clavicle and scapula, primarily stabilize the scapula. This stable base allows other muscles to move the humerus effectively. Scapular movements often mirror those of the humerus and extend its range of motion. For instance, raising the arm above the head would not be feasible without simultaneous upward rotation of the scapula.
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Nine muscles are involved in arm movements. Two of these, the pectoralis major and latissimus dorsi, originate from the axial skeleton and are called axial muscles. The other seven originate from the scapula and are called the scapular muscles.
The pectoralis major has two origins. Its clavicular head originates on the medial half of the clavicle. In contrast, the sternocostal head originates on the costal cartilages of ribs 1-6, the sternum, and the aponeurosis of the external oblique of the...
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The muscles that move the head are a dynamic and complex group of structures that work together to facilitate a wide range of head movements, including rotation, flexion, extension, and lateral bending.
The bilateral sternocleidomastoid, or SCM, and the suprahyoid and infrahyoid muscles are significant head flexors. The SCM muscles originate at the sternum and clavicle and attach to the mastoid process of the temporal bone. The SCM contracts bilaterally to bend the head forward, whereas...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2025

Measurement of Dynamic Scapular Kinematics Using an Acromion Marker Cluster to Minimize Skin Movement Artifact
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Arnold-Chiari Malformation Type I Presenting With Bilateral Scapular Winging.

Aljomon D Leaño1, Bonifacio C Pedregosa1, Steven G Villaraza1

  • 1Department of Neurology, Jose R. Reyes Memorial Medical Center, Manila, PHL.

Cureus
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Bilateral scapular winging, a rare sign of Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 (ACM1), can indicate serious neurological issues. Early diagnosis and surgical decompression are key for successful treatment of this condition.

Keywords:
arnold-chiari malformationscongenital neurological disordersneurologyscapular wingingsyringomyelia

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Neurosurgery
  • Orthopedics

Background:

  • Arnold-Chiari malformation type 1 (ACM1) is a congenital condition where brain tissue extends into the spinal canal.
  • Scapular winging, typically unilateral, is an uncommon symptom of ACM1.

Observation:

  • A patient presented with progressive bilateral proximal upper extremity weakness.
  • The patient also exhibited bilateral scapular winging and sensory deficits in the C2-C8 dermatomes.
  • Imaging revealed extensive syrinx formation associated with ACM1.

Findings:

  • This case highlights bilateral scapular winging as an atypical manifestation of ACM1.
  • The extensive syrinx formation contributed to the neurological deficits observed.

Implications:

  • Central nervous system pathologies should be considered in the differential diagnosis of bilateral scapular winging.
  • Surgical decompression and syringosubarachnoid shunting proved effective in treating this patient.
  • This case underscores the importance of a comprehensive diagnostic approach for rare neurological presentations.