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Language and Cognition01:27

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Language serves as a bridge between ideas and communication, influencing how individuals perceive and interact with the world. Psychologists have long debated whether language shapes thought or vice versa. This discussion gained grip with Edward Sapir and Benjamin Lee Whorf in the 1940s, who proposed that language determines thought, a concept known as linguistic determinism. They suggested that the vocabulary and structure of a language influence how its speakers think and perceive reality.
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Components of Language01:24

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Language, whether spoken, signed, or written, consists of specific components: lexicon and grammar. The lexicon is the vocabulary of a language, comprising its words. Grammar is the set of rules used to convey meaning through the lexicon. For example, English grammar adds “-ed” to most verbs to indicate past tense. Words are formed by combining phonemes, which are the basic sound units of a language. Different languages have different sets of phonemes (e.g., “ah” vs.
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The nursing history captures and records the patient's health status, so that a care plan evolves to meet the patient's individual needs. The nursing health history is a part of the initial assessment. A comprehensive history covers all health dimensions and plays a significant role in the assessment process. A comprehensive history includes the patient's biographical information, reasons for seeking health care, expectations, present and past health history, medications, and...
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Data Collection III01:05

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The physical assessment examines the patient for objective data that defines the patient's condition, and aids in formulating the nursing care plan. The purpose of physical assessment is a health status appraisal, which includes identifying health problems, and establishing a database for nursing intervention.
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Language Development01:22

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Children master language quickly and with relative ease, supported by both biological predisposition and reinforcement. B. F. Skinner (1957) proposed that language is learned through reinforcement, while Noam Chomsky (1965) argued that language acquisition mechanisms are biologically determined.
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Data collection refers to a systematic way of obtaining, observing, measuring, and analyzing accurate information. Observational studies are one of the most widely used methods of data collection. It involves collecting data by observing the behavior and physical characteristics of a sample without making any modifications to the sample.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating the Impact of Emotional Prosodies on Voice Recognition and Perception
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Ghadeer-speech-crowd-corpus: Speech dataset.

Ghadeer Qasim Ali1, Husam Ali Abdulmohsin1

  • 1Computer Science Department, College of Science, University of Baghdad, Iraq.

Data in Brief
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Researchers developed the Ghadeer-Speech-Crowd-Corpus, a new dataset for Arabic and English speech processing. This resource addresses the scarcity of Arabic speech data for applications like speaker identification and speech recognition.

Keywords:
Arabic phraseEnglish phraseLow-resource languagesSpeech recognition

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Area of Science:

  • Computational Linguistics
  • Speech Technology
  • Data Science

Background:

  • The scarcity of raw data hinders scientific progress across various fields.
  • A significant gap exists in publicly available Arabic speech datasets.
  • Existing datasets often lack diversity in accents and speaker demographics.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce the Ghadeer-Speech-Crowd-Corpus, a novel Arabic and English speech dataset.
  • To support advancements in speech processing applications, including speaker identification, text-to-speech, and speech-to-text.
  • To mitigate the challenge of insufficient data in Arabic speech research.

Main Methods:

  • Collected speech samples from 210 Iraqi Arab citizens over three months.
  • Ensured a balanced dataset with respect to sex and language (Arabic/English).
  • Recorded 15,626 mono audio samples at 44.1 kHz sampling rate, 16-bit depth, and 705.6 kb/s bit rate.

Main Results:

  • The Ghadeer-Speech-Crowd-Corpus comprises 15,626 balanced Arabic and English speech samples.
  • The dataset includes diverse accents from various regions of Iraq.
  • Recordings were conducted at the Academy for Media Training, University of Baghdad.

Conclusions:

  • The Ghadeer-Speech-Crowd-Corpus provides a valuable resource for the speech technology community.
  • This dataset will facilitate research and development in Arabic speech processing.
  • The availability of this corpus addresses a critical need for diverse and comprehensive speech data.