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The Tumor Microenvironment

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...

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Updated: May 31, 2025

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus KSHV

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus KSHV

Published on: September 14, 2010

Transcriptomic Profiling and Tumor Microenvironment Classification Reveal Unique and Dynamic Immune Biology in

Jihua Yang¹, Ayse Ece Cali Daylan¹, Aleksei Shevkoplias²

¹Department of Oncology (Medical Oncology), Montefiore Medical Center, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY 10461, USA.

|January 24, 2025

Summary

This study reveals distinct tumor microenvironments in Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) that vary by HIV status. Findings suggest a common antigen targeted by T cells, offering potential for new KS therapies.

Keywords:

HIV Kaposi sarcoma TCR clonotype gene signatures immune milieu transcriptomics tumor microenvironment

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Last Updated: May 31, 2025

Identifying Dysregulated Genes Induced by Kaposi's Sarcoma-associated Herpesvirus KSHV

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Published on: September 14, 2010

An In Vitro Model for Studying Cellular Transformation by Kaposi Sarcoma Herpesvirus

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Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH and Immunofluorescence IF of Specific Gene Products in KSHV-Infected Cells

Quantitative Fluorescence In Situ Hybridization FISH and Immunofluorescence IF of Specific Gene Products in KSHV-Infected Cells

Published on: August 27, 2019

Area of Science:

Oncology
Immunology
Virology

Background:

Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) is a vascular tumor associated with human herpesvirus 8 (KSHV), disproportionately affecting underserved populations.
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) has improved outcomes for people with HIV (PWH), but advanced KS treatment remains challenging.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the tumor microenvironment (TME) of Kaposi Sarcoma (KS) using whole-transcriptomic profiling.
To analyze dynamic TME changes over time and differences based on HIV status in KS patients.

Main Methods:

Whole-transcriptomic profiling of KS tumor samples from nine patients (four HIV-negative, five HIV-positive).
Longitudinal sampling from three patients to track dynamic TME changes.
Immune cellular composition analysis using deconvolution, compared to non-KS tissues.

Main Results:

All KS samples showed enrichment in endothelial cells; KS tissues had higher percentages of NK and CD8+ T cells compared to non-KS tissues.
HIV-negative KS samples exhibited immune-enriched (IE) and immune-enriched/fibrotic (IE/F) TME subtypes; HIV-positive samples showed IE, IE/F, and fibrotic (F) subtypes.
A shared TCRβ chain was identified across all patients, indicating a T-cell response to a common antigen.

Conclusions:

Kaposi Sarcoma exhibits unique transcriptomic features and TME subtypes that are influenced by HIV status.
Longitudinal analysis revealed dynamic changes in gene signatures and TME subtypes within individual patients.
The presence of a shared TCRβ chain suggests potential for targeted immunotherapies for KS.