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Summary

Non-Hermitian quantum field theories offer insights into open quantum systems. Spacetime-dependent couplings reveal new phases, including spontaneous parity-time (PT) symmetry breaking and a flow to a PT-symmetric fixed point.

Keywords:
PT symmetrygauge/gravity dualitynon-Hermitian physics

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Area of Science:

  • Quantum Field Theory
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • High Energy Physics

Background:

  • Non-Hermitian quantum field theories are crucial for modeling open quantum systems.
  • Parity-time (PT) symmetry preservation ensures unitarity and allows for a Hermitian description via the Dyson map.
  • PT symmetry breaking in non-Hermitian theories leads to loss of unitarity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review holographic duals of strongly coupled PT-symmetric quantum field theories.
  • To investigate the phase diagram of these theories.
  • To explore spacetime-dependent non-Hermitian couplings, including quenches and lattices.

Main Methods:

  • Construction of holographic duals for PT-symmetric quantum field theories.
  • Analysis of phase diagrams.
  • Study of non-Hermitian quenches and lattices with spacetime-dependent couplings.
  • Investigation of gravity duals and their properties, such as the null energy condition.

Main Results:

  • Holographic duals provide insights into the phase structure of PT-symmetric non-Hermitian theories.
  • Spacetime-dependent non-Hermitian couplings, such as lattices, can violate the null energy condition in gravity duals.
  • Non-Hermitian lattices exhibit phases with spontaneous PT symmetry breaking due to imaginary currents.
  • These non-Hermitian lattices demonstrate a flow to a PT-symmetric fixed point in the infrared (IR) limit.

Conclusions:

  • Non-Hermitian quantum field theories, particularly with spacetime-dependent couplings, offer a rich landscape of physical phenomena.
  • Holographic methods are effective in studying these complex systems and their phase transitions.
  • The observed spontaneous PT symmetry breaking and subsequent flow to a PT-symmetric fixed point highlight novel behaviors in non-Hermitian systems.