Exploring the Intersection of ADHD and Music: A Systematic Review

Area of Science:

• Neuroscience
• Psychology
• Music Therapy

Background:

• Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a common neurodevelopmental disorder impacting attention, impulsivity, and memory.
• ADHD affects cognitive and perceptual functions, including music perception and performance.
• Music engagement is prevalent in individuals with ADHD, with music listening used for self-regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

• To conduct an integrative review of the interaction between ADHD and music.
• To synthesize existing research on music performance, music listening, and music-based interventions for ADHD.
• To identify research gaps and provide a foundation for future studies.

Main Methods:

• A comprehensive literature search was performed following PRISMA guidelines across PsychInfo, PubMed, and Web of Science.
• A narrative synthesis of 20 eligible studies published between 1981 and 2023 was conducted.
• Studies involved 1170 participants, with 830 diagnosed with ADHD or Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD).

Main Results:

• Individuals with ADHD showed challenges in musical tasks (timing, rhythm, auditory perception) but not in improvisation or expression.
• Music listening positively impacted various domains for individuals with ADHD.
• Music therapy interventions demonstrated significant benefits for ADHD symptoms.

Conclusions:

• Music listening and music therapy show promise for individuals with ADHD.
• Challenges in music processing exist but do not preclude musical expression.
• Further research is needed to address limitations such as diagnostic variations and comorbidities.