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Related Concept Videos

Vaccinations01:51

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An antigen is any substance the immune system identifies as foreign and potentially harmful to the body, prompting an immune response. Antigens have two functional properties: immunogenicity and reactivity. Immunogenicity is the ability of an antigen to stimulate a specific immune response. At the same time, reactivity describes the antigen's ability to react with the cells and antibodies produced in response to it.
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Simple proteins and protein complexes contain only amino acids. In contrast, many other proteins, called conjugated proteins, covalently bond with non-protein moieties.
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Antigen Delivery Platforms for Next-Generation Coronavirus Vaccines.

Aziz A Chentoufi1, Jeffrey B Ulmer2, Lbachir BenMohamed1,2,3

  • 1Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Gavin Herbert Eye Institute, School of Medicine, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.

Vaccines
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Next-generation pan-Coronavirus vaccines are crucial to end the pandemic. Nucleoside-modified mRNA in lipid nanoparticles shows promise for broad immunity against evolving SARS-CoV-2 variants.

Keywords:
LNPSARS-CoV-2antigen delivery platformantigen delivery systemmRNApan-Coronavirus vaccinesrRNA

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Area of Science:

  • Virology and Immunology
  • Vaccine Development

Background:

  • The COVID-19 pandemic persists due to SARS-CoV-2 variants and vaccines that do not prevent transmission.
  • A critical need exists for broad-spectrum pan-Coronavirus vaccines to control the pandemic.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review antigen delivery platforms for next-generation pan-Coronavirus vaccines.
  • To discuss challenges and highlight promising platforms for durable immunity.

Main Methods:

  • Bioinformatics, molecular and structural biology, immunology, and computational methods are employed.
  • Review of current antigen delivery platforms and their associated challenges.

Main Results:

  • Identifying conserved antigens and effective delivery systems are key for pan-Coronavirus vaccine development.
  • Nucleoside-modified mRNA encapsulated in lipid nanoparticles (LNP) is a promising platform.

Conclusions:

  • LNPs offer a suitable platform for inducing broad-based, long-lasting immunity against current and future Coronavirus threats.
  • This platform supports large-scale manufacturing for durable protective immunity.