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Related Concept Videos

Overview of Cell Death01:30

Overview of Cell Death

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Cell death is an essential process where the body gets rid of old or damaged cells. Cell proliferation and death need to be balanced, as an imbalance between the two may lead to cancer or autoimmune diseases.
Cell death was observed in the early 19th century, but there was no experimental evidence to prove it. In 1842, Carl Vogt first discovered cell death in a metamorphic toad; however, it was not termed ‘cell death.’ Scientists discovered different cell death pathways only in the...
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Apoptosis01:30

Apoptosis

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Apoptosis is a combination of two Greek words, 'apo' and 'ptosis,' meaning separation and falling off, respectively. Hippocrates used this word to describe gangrene, which was caused due to bandaging of fractured bones. Apoptosis was distinguished from necrosis in 1970 when John Kerr reported observations of morphological changes occurring during apoptosis. During one experiment, he observed that the disruption of blood supply to the liver tissue resulted in a size...
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Phagocytosis of Apoptotic Cells01:17

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Cells undergoing apoptosis form apoptotic bodies that must be removed immediately to prevent inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and necrosis. Phagocytosis is carried out by professional phagocytes such as macrophages or  immature dendritic cells. Non-professional phagocytes such as  epithelial cells and fibroblasts also take part in this process; however, they are not as effective as professional phagocytes. 
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Autophagic Cell Death01:18

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Christian de Duve discovered “autophagy,” a process in which cellular components are engulfed by membrane-bound organelles called autophagosomes. The autophagosomes then fuse with lysosomes to digest the enclosed contents. Autophagy is generally activated in cells to prevent cell death. However, cell death is triggered when the damage is beyond repair.
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Necrosis01:16

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Necrosis is considered as an “accidental” or unexpected form of cell death that ends in cell lysis. The first noticeable mention of “necrosis” was in 1859 when Rudolf Virchow used this term to describe advanced tissue breakdown in his compilation titled “Cell Pathology”.
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Cellular Injury IV: Necrosis01:16

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Necrosis is a form of irreversible cell death caused by severe injury such as ischemia, toxins, or trauma. Unlike programmed cell death, it is an uncontrolled, pathological process that typically provokes inflammation in surrounding tissues.Pathophysiologic ChangesNecrosis begins when cells sustain critical damage, leading to swelling of organelles, particularly mitochondria, and rapid ATP depletion. As energy levels decline, membrane ion pumps fail, leading to calcium influx and eventually,...
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Updated: May 4, 2026

Characterization of MLKL-mediated Plasma Membrane Rupture in Necroptosis
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ApoNecV: A macro for cell death type differentiation.

Marketa Kolarikova1, Barbora Hosikova1, Jiri Tesarik1

  • 1Department of Medical Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, Palacky University, Olomouc, Czech Republic.

Journal of Microscopy
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study introduces a Fiji macro tool for automated fluorescent microscopy image analysis. It efficiently quantifies viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells, improving biomedical research efficiency.

Keywords:
apoptosiscell deathmicroscopynecrosis

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical research
  • Cell biology
  • Drug development

Background:

  • Accurate cell death evaluation is crucial in biomedical research for assessing treatment efficacy.
  • Quantitative analysis of fluorescent microscopy images is essential but often requires extensive postprocessing.
  • Differentiating viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells provides key insights into drug development outcomes.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel tool for automated postprocessing of fluorescent microscopy images.
  • To enable accurate distinction and quantification of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells.
  • To streamline data analysis in biomedical research.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a macro for the Fiji image processing platform.
  • Application of the macro for automated analysis of fluorescent microscopy images.
  • Utilizing cell death detection kits for sample staining.

Main Results:

  • The developed tool automates the quantification of viable, apoptotic, and necrotic cells.
  • The macro enables accurate differentiation between different cell death types.
  • Improved efficiency and reliability in analyzing large experimental datasets.

Conclusions:

  • The Fiji macro serves as a valuable complementary tool for biomedical researchers.
  • Automated image analysis enhances the efficiency and accuracy of cell death assessment.
  • This tool supports faster and more reliable drug development processes.