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Microbial biosensors are analytical devices that utilize living microbes to detect specific substances through measurable signals. These devices consist of two main components: biosensing organisms and signal-transducing elements. Biosensing organisms, such as Escherichia coli or Saccharomyces cerevisiae, are typically housed in multiwell plates connected to transducers, enabling rapid, real-time detection of target analytes.Signal Generation MechanismWhen a target analyte—such as...
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Dual RNA-seq reveals transcriptome changes during Fusarium virguliforme-Trichoderma afroharzianum interactions.

Mirian F Pimentel1,2, Leonardo F Rocha2, Arjun Subedi2

  • 1School of Agriculture Sciences, Southern Illinois University Carbondale, Illinois, United States of America.

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|January 24, 2025
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This summary is machine-generated.

Trichoderma afroharzianum isolates show distinct interactions with Fusarium virguliforme, revealing differences in gene expression. This highlights the potential for tailored biocontrol strategies against plant pathogens.

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Area of Science:

  • Mycology
  • Plant Pathology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • Trichoderma spp. are vital biocontrol agents, but their pathogen recognition mechanisms and intra-species variability require further study.
  • Understanding these interactions is key to optimizing biological control programs.
  • Phenotypic differences in Trichoderma afroharzianum (T. afroharzianum) isolates during pathogen confrontation are well-documented but poorly understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the transcriptomic differences between two T. afroharzianum isolates (Th19A and Th4) when interacting with Fusarium virguliforme (F. virguliforme).
  • To elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying the observed phenotypic variations in biocontrol efficacy.
  • To identify pathogen recognition pathways, including potential volatile-mediated signaling.

Main Methods:

  • Dual plate assays were used to compare the antagonistic activity of T. afroharzianum isolates against F. virguliforme.
  • RNA sequencing was performed to analyze the transcriptomes of both F. virguliforme and T. afroharzianum at different interaction stages.
  • Gene Ontology (GO) enrichment analysis was employed to identify differentially expressed genes and pathways.

Main Results:

  • Th19A overgrew F. virguliforme, while Th4 exhibited an inhibition zone, indicating distinct interaction outcomes.
  • Significant transcriptomic differences were observed in F. virguliforme when interacting with Th19A versus Th4, and across different time points.
  • Both F. virguliforme and T. afroharzianum exhibited significant transcriptome changes, with distinct GO-enriched categories between isolates and interaction stages.
  • Upregulation of secreted proteins, including carbohydrate-active enzymes (CAZymes) and CBM1-domain proteins, was observed in both T. afroharzianum isolates even before physical contact, suggesting volatile-mediated recognition.

Conclusions:

  • The study reveals significant transcriptomic plasticity in F. virguliforme and T. afroharzianum during their interaction.
  • Differential gene expression, particularly of secreted proteins, suggests complex recognition mechanisms, including volatile signaling.
  • These findings are crucial for developing more effective and targeted biocontrol strategies using specific Trichoderma isolates.