Polydopamine nanoparticles loaded with sodium ferulate for targeted therapy of myocardial infarction in endothelial...

Myocardial infarction (MI) is a leading cause of heart failure and death in cardiovascular diseases. Most drug trials currently fail due to inadequate local drug activity and side effects. In this study, we developed a novel polydopamine (PDA) nano delivery system that carries sodium ferulate (SF) and is modified with RGD peptides (SF/RGD-PDA NPs) for precise targeted delivery. SF is a clinical adjuvant for cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases but lacks targeting and has a short half-life. PDA, known for its excellent biocompatibility and surface modifiability, serves as an effective carrier. SF was loaded onto PDA through π-π stacking, while RGD was attached via a Michael addition reaction, resulting in stable SF/RGD-PDA NPs with an average particle size of 206.13 nm. In vitro and in vivo studies indicate that this targeted formulation has good safety. Targeting studies showed a 2.19-fold increase in nanoparticle accumulation in the heart and a 5.94-fold increase in cellular uptake efficiency. Pharmacodynamic studies revealed a 1.45-fold increase in endothelial cell proliferation, a 1.46-fold increase in angiogenesis rate, and a significant reduction in MI area. These findings suggest that SF/RGD-PDA NPs can improve endothelial cell function and reduce MI area through targeted delivery.