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Epigenetic modulation by oncolytic viruses: Implications for cancer therapeutic efficacy

Muhammad Haris Sultan1, Qi Zhan1, Hao Jin1

  • 1Xinyuan Institute of Medicine and Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Medicine, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China.

Biochimica Et Biophysica Acta. Reviews on Cancer
|January 24, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) show promise in cancer treatment by targeting tumors and boosting immune responses. Epigenetic reprogramming can enhance OV therapy effectiveness by making tumors more sensitive and immunogenic.

Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Virology
  • Epigenetics

Background:

  • Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are promising anticancer therapeutics due to tumor-specific targeting and immune response induction.
  • Epigenetic reprogramming influences tumor sensitivity and immune response to OV therapy.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review how epigenetic reprogramming of host and tumor cells can enhance Oncolytic Virus (OV) therapy.
  • To discuss the benefits of combining OVs with epigenetic drugs for improved treatment efficacy and overcoming resistance.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current literature on OV therapy and epigenetic modifications.
  • Analysis of how epigenetic changes (DNA methylation, histone modifications, non-coding RNAs) impact OV efficacy.
  • Discussion of potential synergistic effects of combining OVs with epigenetic drugs.

Main Results:

  • OVs modulate epigenetic landscapes, including DNA methylation and histone modifications, to induce antitumor immune responses.
  • Epigenetic changes enhance tumor immunogenicity by altering tumor-associated antigen gene expression and chromatin accessibility.
  • Combining OVs with epigenetic drugs may combat resistance and promote treatment efficacy.

Conclusions:

  • Epigenetic reprogramming is crucial for enhancing OV therapy efficacy.
  • Personalized OV therapy considering individual epigenome profiles is important.
  • Challenges remain in achieving global viral-induced epigenetic changes and developing predictive treatment models.
Keywords:
DNA methylationEpigenetic modulationHistone modificationsOncolytic virusesPersonalized medicinecancer immunotherapy

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