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Silicon-based all-solid-state batteries operating free from external pressure.

Zhiyong Zhang1, Xiuli Zhang2, Yan Liu3

  • 1Department of Physics, Collaborative Innovation Center for Optoelectronic Semiconductors and Efficient Devices, Key Laboratory of Low Dimensional Condensed Matter Physics (Department of Education of Fujian Province), Jiujiang Research Institute, Xiamen University, Xiamen, China.

Nature Communications
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A novel double-layered anode for silicon-based all-solid-state batteries eliminates the need for external pressure. This breakthrough enhances lithium-ion flux and battery stability, paving the way for safer, high-energy-density applications.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Electrochemistry
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Silicon-based all-solid-state batteries (ASSBs) promise high energy density and safety.
  • A major challenge for ASSBs is the requirement for high external pressure to ensure proper electrode contact and ionic conductivity.
  • This pressure requirement hinders practical application and scalability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel anode for ASSBs that operates without external pressure.
  • To enhance lithium-ion flux and stability at the anode interface.
  • To improve the cycling performance and safety of silicon-based ASSBs.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of a Li21Si5/Si-Li21Si5 double-layered anode using cold-pressed sintering of Li21Si5 alloys.
  • Characterization of the anode's layered structure, ionic/electronic conduction, and conductive network.
  • Electrochemical testing of the anode in ASSBs, including galvanostatic cycling and performance evaluation under various conditions.

Main Results:

  • The double-layered anode exhibits a top Li21Si5 layer with mixed ionic/electronic conduction and a bottom Si-Li21Si5 layer with a 3D continuous conductive network.
  • The anode enables operation free from external pressure by creating a uniform electric field at the anode|solid-state electrolyte interface.
  • Achieved a critical current density of 10 mA cm⁻² at 45°C with 10 mAh cm⁻² capacity, and a cell demonstrated 97% initial Coulombic efficiency and low expansion after 1000 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The developed Li21Si5/Si-Li21Si5 anode effectively addresses the external pressure challenge in silicon-based ASSBs.
  • The unique anode structure facilitates efficient ionic and electronic transport, leading to improved lithium-ion flux and stress dissipation.
  • This advancement contributes to the development of safer, high-performance ASSBs for future energy storage applications.