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Quantitative Examination of Antibiotic Susceptibility of Neisseria gonorrhoeae Aggregates Using ATP-utilization Commercial Assays and Live/Dead Staining
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Antimicrobial Resistance in Curable Sexually Transmitted Infections

Lorenzo Giacani1,2, Catriona S Bradshaw3, Christina A Muzny4

  • 1Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.

Current HIV/AIDS Reports
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Abstract

Insights

Antimicrobial resistance in common sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a growing threat. Strategies to combat STI drug resistance include infection prevention, diverse treatments, and robust surveillance.

Area of Science:

  • Public Health
  • Infectious Diseases
  • Microbiology

Background:

  • Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in sexually transmitted infections (STIs) poses a significant global health challenge, potentially leading to untreatable infections.
  • The five most common curable STIs include Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Chlamydia trachomatis, Mycoplasma genitalium, Treponema pallidum, and Trichomonas vaginalis.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the key factors driving antimicrobial resistance in the five most common curable STIs.
  • To outline effective strategies for mitigating the spread of antimicrobial resistance in STIs.

Main Methods:

  • This review synthesizes current knowledge on resistance determinants.
  • It examines established and emerging strategies for resistance mitigation.

Main Results:

  • Genetic mutations are primary drivers of resistance in Neisseria gonorrhoeae and Mycoplasma genitalium.
  • Trichomonas vaginalis resistance involves genetic mutations, gene regulation, and co-infections.
  • While Chlamydia trachomatis and Treponema pallidum currently show low resistance, continued antimicrobial use could select for resistance.
  • Key mitigation strategies include infection prevention, treatment diversification, and enhanced surveillance.

Conclusions:

  • Addressing antimicrobial resistance in STIs requires a multi-faceted approach.
  • Effective strategies involve preventing infections, diversifying treatment options, and continuous surveillance to monitor resistance patterns.
Keywords:
Chlamydia trachomatisMycoplasma genitaliumNeisseria gonorrhoeaeTreponema pallidumTrichomonas vaginalisAntimicrobial resistanceSexually transmitted infections

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