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Related Concept Videos

Van der Waals Interactions01:24

Van der Waals Interactions

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Atoms and molecules interact with each other through intermolecular forces. These electrostatic forces arise from attractive or repulsive interactions between particles with permanent, partial, or temporary charges. The intermolecular forces between neutral atoms and molecules are ion–dipole, dipole–dipole, and dispersion forces, collectively known as van der Waals forces.
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Some solids can transition directly into the gaseous state, bypassing the liquid state, via a process known as sublimation. At room temperature and standard pressure, a piece of dry ice (solid CO2) sublimes, appearing to gradually disappear without ever forming any liquid. Snow and ice sublimate at temperatures below the melting point of water, a slow process that may be accelerated by winds and the reduced atmospheric pressures at high altitudes. When solid iodine is warmed, the solid sublimes...
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Phase Contrast and Differential Interference Contrast Microscopy01:26

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2025

Fabricating van der Waals Heterostructures with Precise Rotational Alignment
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Interlayer reconstruction phase transition in van der Waals materials.

Junwei Zhang1, Laiyuan Wang2, Jingtao Lü3

  • 1School of Materials and Energy, or Electron Microscopy Centre of Lanzhou University, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou, China.

Nature Materials
|January 24, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Researchers visualized rapid phase transitions in indium selenide (In2Se3) using in situ electron microscopy. They discovered a unique unzipping-zipping mechanism driving structural changes, crucial for designing advanced materials.

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Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Condensed Matter Physics
  • Nanotechnology

Background:

  • Van der Waals materials exhibit diverse structural polymorphs with unique physical properties.
  • Understanding phase-transition dynamics is key to unlocking their technological potential.
  • Direct visualization of rapid phase transitions is challenging due to imaging limitations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To atomistically visualize and understand the dynamics of the 2H-α to 2H-β phase transition in layered In2Se3.
  • To elucidate the atomic mechanisms and propagation pathways governing this phase transition.
  • To investigate the influence of current-driven stimuli on phase-transition behavior.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized in situ scanning transmission electron microscopy (STEM) for atomic-resolution imaging.
  • Employed a controllable current-driven phase transition in layered In2Se3.
  • Analyzed dynamic atomic rearrangements during the phase transition process.

Main Results:

  • Identified a novel intralayer-splitting (unzipping) and interlayer-reconstruction (zipping) pathway.
  • Revealed an energy-cascading mechanism where interlayer bond formation drives intralayer bond cleavage.
  • Observed current-direction-dependent asymmetric phase-transition propagation due to Peltier effect-induced temperature gradients.

Conclusions:

  • The study provides unprecedented atomic-level insights into the dynamics of phase transitions in Van der Waals materials.
  • The discovered unzipping-zipping mechanism and energy-cascading effect offer a new perspective on phase-transition control.
  • Findings are crucial for designing and engineering tailored structural phase transitions for advanced technological applications.