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Updated: Jul 2, 2026
VirWaTest, A Point-of-Use Method for the Detection of Viruses in Water Samples
Published on: May 11, 2019
Assessment of flavivirus RNA stability and infectivity in various water environments
Yuka Sano1, Hawraa Al-Alawi2, Misao Himeno1
1School of International Health, Graduate School of Medicine, the University of Tokyo, Tokyo, 113-0033, Japan.
Introduction:
Flaviviruses such as dengue virus (DENV), Zika virus (ZIKV), Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV), and Yellow fever virus (YFV) are mosquito-borne RNA viruses causing major public health threats in major parts of the world. While DENV and ZIKV have been detected in urine samples, data on the presence and stability of flaviviruses in the water environment are limited.
Methods:
In this study, we determined the stability and infectivity of flavivirus in different water environments by utilizing RT-qPCR and plaque assay to explore the feasibility of environmental detection and surveillance of flaviviruses.
Results:
Viral RNA could be detected for up to 49-days, at 4 °C, 25 °C and 37 °C temperatures, and infectious particles could be detected for up to 7 days. While our findings showed that flaviviral RNA has higher stability and better detection rates at lower temperatures, the infectious capacity of flaviviruses was comparatively short at 7 days.
Conclusions:
Our results indicate that flaviviruses retains limited infectivity in general water environments and highlight the feasibility of detection and surveillance in various epidemiologic and environmental settings.
