Smokeless tobacco: knowledge, attitudes and usage in Pakistan

Area of Science:

• Public Health
• Tobacco Control
• South Asian Health

Background:

• Smokeless tobacco (SLT) is consumed orally or nasally and accounts for one-third of tobacco use in South Asia.
• Limited empirical research exists on SLT prevalence and influencing factors in Pakistan.
• This study assessed knowledge, attitudes, and usage of SLT in Pakistan.

Purpose of the Study:

• To assess the knowledge, attitudes, and usage of smokeless tobacco (SLT) in Pakistan.
• To identify factors influencing SLT consumption and inform targeted interventions.
• To understand public health challenges associated with SLT in the Pakistani community.

Main Methods:

• A cross-sectional online survey was conducted across Pakistan.
• A comprehensive questionnaire, incorporating elements from Global Adult Tobacco Survey, was used.
• Data analysis involved descriptive statistics and logistic regression using SPSS v26.

Main Results:

• 85.86% of 1,195 participants had heard of SLTs; 72.55% recognized health risks, but 30% lacked knowledge on legality.
• Negative health effects were the primary deterrent (60.33%).
• Key usage drivers included use as a cigarette alternative (OR 4.45) and availability in preferred flavors (OR 2.27); 69.82% of current users wanted to quit.

Conclusions:

• Despite adequate knowledge and attitudes, SLT use remains a public health concern in Pakistan.
• Understanding myths, incentives, and deterrents is crucial for developing effective interventions.
• Targeted strategies are needed to reduce SLT use and associated health risks in the Pakistani community.