Fetal Safety in MRI During Pregnancy: A Comprehensive Review

Area of Science:

• Medical Imaging
• Radiology
• Obstetrics

Background:

• Growing use of medical imaging in pregnancy raises concerns about radiation exposure.
• Non-ionizing radiation imaging modalities like fetal MRI are increasingly preferred.
• Evidence on the safety of advanced fetal MRI techniques and contrast agents is crucial for clinical practice.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review current evidence on the safety of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) during pregnancy.
• To focus on the safety of 3 Tesla (3T) MRI and gadolinium-based contrast agents.
• To synthesize findings to inform clinical decisions and ensure fetal safety.

Main Methods:

• Comprehensive literature review of studies from 2000 to 2024.
• Inclusion of peer-reviewed articles and large database studies.
• Focus on 3T MRI and gadolinium contrast agent safety in pregnancy.

Main Results:

• Fetal MRI enhances diagnostic accuracy for fetal anomalies, with no conclusive evidence of adverse effects.
• Studies indicate no significant harm from 1.5T or 3T MRI, though first-trimester caution is advised.
• Evidence on gadolinium contrast agents is conflicting; animal studies show minimal toxicity, but clinical data is inconclusive.

Conclusions:

• Current literature suggests fetal MRI is generally safe with minimal risks.
• Further large-scale, prospective, long-term studies are needed to confirm safety and long-term effects.
• Safe use of all imaging modalities, including MRI, is essential for optimal fetal management.