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Wellbeing and Retirement in Europe: A Systematic Review with Meta-Analysis.
Andreia P Teques1, Joana Carreiro2, Daniel Duarte1,3
1N2i, Polytechnic Institute of Maia, 4475-690 Maia, Portugal.
Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 25, 2025
Summary
Retirement significantly impacts wellbeing, with moderate positive effects on life satisfaction and health. Preparation and positive expectations are key for a successful transition into retirement.
Area of Science:
- Gerontology
- Public Health
- Psychology
Background:
- Rising life expectancy in Europe necessitates understanding the retirement phase.
- Disengagement from professional life impacts individual wellbeing.
Purpose of the Study:
- To conduct a comprehensive literature review on retirement and wellbeing from 1998-2024.
- To analyze the intersection of retirement transitions and overall life satisfaction.
Main Methods:
- Systematic review of 32 articles, with 12 eligible for meta-analysis.
- Searches conducted across PsycInfo, PubMed, Scopus, SPORTDiscus, and Web of Science.
- Evidence quality assessed using the Quality Assessment Tool for Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Studies.
Main Results:
- Meta-analysis revealed a moderate, statistically significant effect size (d = 0.383, p = 0.001) for retirement on wellbeing.
- Qualitative analysis identified key themes: retirement expectations, preparation, family roles, quality of life, and health outcomes.
- A predominant focus on health consequences of retirement was observed in quantitative studies.
Conclusions:
- Retirement has a significant, albeit moderate, positive association with wellbeing.
- Future research should continue exploring the multifaceted impacts of retirement, particularly health outcomes.
- Understanding retirement's influence is crucial for supporting an aging European population.
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