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Updated: May 31, 2025

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Towards a European End-of-Life Regulation: A Necessary Analysis.

Francesco Orsini1, Andrea Cioffi1, Luigi Cipolloni1

  • 1Department of Clinical and Experimental Medicine, Section of Forensic Medicine, University of Foggia, 71122 Foggia, Italy.

Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

European end-of-life laws vary significantly, leading to patient travel for desired care. Harmonizing legislation is crucial for equitable access and upholding human dignity in end-of-life decisions.

Keywords:
advance directivesassisted suicidebioethicsend of lifeeuthanasiainformed consent

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Area of Science:

  • Bioethics and Medical Law
  • Comparative European Healthcare Policy
  • End-of-Life Care and Patient Rights

Background:

  • Advancements in biomedical science prolong lives of patients with incurable diseases, raising ethical questions about quality of life.
  • Existing disparities in European end-of-life legislation create challenges in informed consent, treatment refusal, and access to assisted dying.
  • Patient 'migrations' occur as individuals seek countries with more favorable legal frameworks for end-of-life choices.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To critically examine the ethical and legal landscape of end-of-life issues across European nations.
  • To analyze the implications of diverse regulations on patient autonomy and access to end-of-life care.
  • To identify the need for potential harmonization of end-of-life legislation in Europe.

Main Methods:

  • A comparative and qualitative analysis of end-of-life legislation in EU member states, Switzerland, and the UK.
  • Literature review of studies published between 2000 and 2024 focusing on end-of-life practices and legal frameworks.
  • Identification of legislative differences, commonalities, and potential areas for regulatory convergence.

Main Results:

  • Significant legislative variations exist across European countries regarding end-of-life practices, reflecting diverse cultural and ethical perspectives.
  • These legal discrepancies contribute to cross-border patient movement ('migrations') to access specific end-of-life services.
  • Current legal frameworks present challenges in ensuring consistent application of principles like self-determination and dignity.

Conclusions:

  • A harmonized approach to European end-of-life legislation is essential for ensuring equitable access to care and respecting human dignity.
  • Continuous comparative legal analysis is vital to balance medical progress with ethical considerations and patient rights.
  • Upholding patient autonomy and self-determination is paramount in end-of-life decision-making.