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Updated: May 31, 2025

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Visualizing Parcel-Level Lead Risk Using an Exterior Housing-Based Index.

Neal J Wilson1, Ryan Allenbrand2, Elizabeth Friedman2

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Summary

A new housing-based lead risk index (LRI) identifies high-risk homes for pediatric lead poisoning. Mapping this index offers precise geographic insights for public health interventions.

Keywords:
childhood blood lead levelsenvironmental public healthhousinglead hazard riskplace-based approachsocial determinates of health

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental health
  • Pediatric public health
  • Geospatial analysis

Background:

  • Pediatric lead poisoning is a significant public health issue in the US.
  • Housing is a critical social determinant of health, influencing children's exposure to lead.
  • Differentiating housing-based lead risks is essential for effective interventions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel parcel-level lead risk index (LRI).
  • To estimate and map variations in housing-based lead risk at a granular level.
  • To assess the relationship between the LRI and pediatric blood lead levels (BLLs).

Main Methods:

  • Developed a lead risk index (LRI) using external housing conditions and construction year.
  • Employed Lasso regression to link LRI with pediatric blood lead levels (BLLs > 3.5 µg/dL) in 6589 cases.
  • Utilized graphical visualization and geospatial mapping to present findings.

Main Results:

  • The developed LRI effectively estimates parcel-by-parcel lead risk.
  • A clear relationship was established between the LRI and the likelihood of elevated pediatric BLLs.
  • Geospatial mapping of the LRI provided more precise public health surveillance data.

Conclusions:

  • The housing-based lead risk index (LRI) is a valuable tool for identifying at-risk housing.
  • Mapping the LRI offers superior geographic precision compared to existing surveillance methods.
  • This approach can inform targeted interventions to reduce pediatric lead exposure.