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Food Security and Cardio-Metabolic Risk in Individuals with Metabolic Syndrome.

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Food insecurity is linked to higher stress and poorer diet quality in individuals with metabolic syndrome (MetS). Addressing these factors is crucial for improving metabolic health and managing elevated HbA1c levels.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology
  • Metabolic Health
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a cluster of conditions increasing cardiovascular risk.
  • Food security status is a significant social determinant of health.
  • Understanding the interplay between food security and cardio-metabolic risk factors in MetS is vital.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between household food security and cardio-metabolic risk factors in individuals diagnosed with MetS.
  • To identify specific dietary and psychosocial factors associated with food insecurity within this population.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized baseline data from a randomized controlled lifestyle intervention trial involving individuals with MetS.
  • Assessed household food security, dietary intake (fruit/vegetable), food environment perception, and perceived stress via validated questionnaires.
  • Measured cardio-metabolic parameters including BMI, waist circumference, blood pressure, glucose, HbA1c, and lipids.
  • Employed regression models adjusted for demographic factors, medication use, and perceived stress.

Main Results:

  • A total of 664 participants were analyzed; 23% experienced food insecurity.
  • Food-insecure individuals reported significantly higher stress levels and poorer access to healthy food options.
  • These individuals were less likely to consume adequate daily servings of vegetables.
  • Elevated HbA1c levels were significantly associated with food insecurity (p = 0.007), while other cardio-metabolic measures showed no significant link.

Conclusions:

  • Food insecurity is prevalent among individuals with MetS and is associated with increased stress and suboptimal dietary patterns.
  • The significant association between food insecurity and elevated HbA1c underscores the need to address food security and stress for improved metabolic management in the MetS population.