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Updated: May 6, 2026

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Evaluating Offspring After Pregnancy-Associated Cancer: A Systematic Review of Neonatal Outcomes

Aida Petca1,2, Lucia Elena Niculae1,3, Raluca Tocariu1,3

  • 1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, "Carol Davila" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 8 Eroii Sanitari Blvd., 050474 Bucharest, Romania.

Cancers
|January 25, 2025
PubMed

Insights

Pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC) increases risks for preterm birth and low birthweight in newborns. Early, multidisciplinary care is crucial for managing these neonatal risks.

Area of Science:

  • Obstetrics and Gynecology
  • Neonatal Health
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Pregnancy-associated cancer (PAC) poses challenges to maternal and neonatal health.
  • The impact of PAC on neonatal outcomes requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To systematically review and evaluate neonatal risks associated with PAC.
  • To synthesize evidence on adverse neonatal outcomes in pregnancies complicated by cancer.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic search of major databases (PubMed, Embase, Scopus) up to November 2024.
  • Inclusion of observational studies and randomized controlled trials on PAC and neonatal outcomes.
  • Analysis of outcomes including preterm birth, low birthweight, Apgar scores, and neonatal mortality.

Main Results:

  • Eleven studies involving over 46 million births (9953 with PAC) were reviewed.
  • PAC significantly elevates risks for preterm birth (OR 1.48-6.34) and low birthweight (OR up to 5.5).
  • Increased risks of low Apgar scores and neonatal mortality were observed, often linked to prematurity; gynecological and breast cancers showed higher risks.

Conclusions:

  • Neonates born to mothers with PAC face significantly higher risks of adverse outcomes.
  • Tailored, multidisciplinary management is essential for optimizing neonatal care in PAC cases.
  • Further prospective research is needed to elucidate the effects of specific cancer treatments during pregnancy.

Keywords:
low birthweightneonatal outcomepregnancy-associated cancerpreterm birth

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