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The levator-trochlear muscle. A supernumerary orbital structure.

J G Sacks

    Archives of Ophthalmology (Chicago, Ill. : 1960)
    |April 1, 1985
    PubMed
    Summary
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    A rare supernumerary extraocular muscle was found in cadaver orbits. This levator-trochlear muscle, originating from the levator palpebrae superioris, may explain certain unexplained ocular deviations.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Anatomy
    • Surgical Anatomy

    Background:

    • Anatomical variations in extraocular muscles are uncommon.
    • Understanding orbital anatomy is crucial for ophthalmic surgery and diagnosing strabismus.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To describe a supernumerary extraocular muscle identified in human cadaver orbits.
    • To propose a name and discuss the potential clinical implications of this muscle.

    Main Methods:

    • Systematic dissection of 98 human cadaver orbits.
    • Gross anatomical examination and description of the supernumerary muscle's origin, insertion, and innervation.

    Main Results:

    • A supernumerary muscle was identified in 7 out of 98 orbits (7.1%).

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  • The muscle originated from the medial border of the levator palpebrae superioris.
  • It inserted on the fascia near the trochlea and was innervated by the oculomotor nerve.

    • Conclusions:

    • The identified muscle, termed the levator-trochlear muscle, is a distinct anatomical entity.
    • This muscle's presence may contribute to the understanding and diagnosis of poorly understood ocular deviations.
    • Further research is warranted to elucidate its precise function and clinical significance.