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MicroRNA Expression Profile in Acute Ischemic Stroke
Shraddha Mainali1, Gaurav Nepal2, Kirill Shumilov3
1Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.
International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 25, 2025
Summary
This study identifies specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles as potential early blood biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. These circulating miRNAs show differential expression within 6 hours of symptom onset, offering hope for faster diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Neurology
- Biochemistry
- Genetics
Background:
- Acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) poses a significant global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality.
- Current diagnostic methods like neuroimaging are costly, limited in availability, and can cause delays, leading to missed treatment opportunities.
- Previous biomarker research faced challenges due to stroke heterogeneity and variable onset times.
Purpose of the Study:
- To explore the utility of circulating exosome-enriched extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for anterior circulation LVO (acLVO) stroke.
- To identify early blood-based biomarkers for hyperacute acLVO stroke.
- To assess the role of specific miRNAs in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) pathophysiology and their diagnostic potential.
Main Methods:
- A longitudinal prospective cohort study involving acLVO stroke patients and healthy controls.
- Isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma and profiling of encapsulated miRNAs using the NanoString nCounter system.
- A complementary scoping review of specific miRNAs (miR-140-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-7-5p) and their roles in AIS pathophysiology via PubMed search.
Main Results:
- Three specific miRNAs (miR-7-5p, miR-140-5p, and miR-210-3p) demonstrated significant differential expression within the first 6 hours of symptom onset in acLVO stroke patients compared to controls and later time points.
- These identified miRNAs are associated with neuroprotection, cellular stress, and tissue damage, indicating their potential as early diagnostic markers.
- The study highlights the potential of circulating miRNAs as blood-based biomarkers for hyperacute acLVO ischemic stroke.
Conclusions:
- Circulating exosome-enriched EV miRNAs show promise as early, blood-based biomarkers for hyperacute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke.
- Further validation in larger, risk-matched cohorts is necessary to confirm these findings.
- Future research should investigate the prognostic relevance of these miRNA biomarkers by correlating their expression with radiological and functional outcomes.
