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Related Concept Videos

MicroRNAs01:22

MicroRNAs

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MicroRNA (miRNA) are short, regulatory RNA transcribed from introns (non-coding regions of a gene) or intergenic regions (stretches of DNA present between genes). Several processing steps are required to form biologically active, mature miRNA. The initial transcript, called primary miRNA (pri-mRNA), base-pairs with itself, forming a stem-loop structure. Within the nucleus, an endonuclease enzyme, called Drosha, shortens the stem-loop structure into hairpin-shaped pre-miRNA. After the pre-miRNA...
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Isolation and Flow Cytometric Analysis of Immune Cells from the Ischemic Mouse Brain
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MicroRNA Expression Profile in Acute Ischemic Stroke.

Shraddha Mainali1, Gaurav Nepal2, Kirill Shumilov3

  • 1Department of Neurology, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23298, USA.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study identifies specific microRNAs (miRNAs) in extracellular vesicles as potential early blood biomarkers for acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion. These circulating miRNAs show differential expression within 6 hours of symptom onset, offering hope for faster diagnosis.

Keywords:
LVOacute ischemic strokebiomarkerlarge vessel occlusionmiRmiRNAmicro-RNAstroke biomarker

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Area of Science:

  • Neurology
  • Biochemistry
  • Genetics

Background:

  • Acute ischemic stroke with large vessel occlusion (LVO) poses a significant global health challenge with high morbidity and mortality.
  • Current diagnostic methods like neuroimaging are costly, limited in availability, and can cause delays, leading to missed treatment opportunities.
  • Previous biomarker research faced challenges due to stroke heterogeneity and variable onset times.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the utility of circulating exosome-enriched extracellular vesicle (EV) microRNAs (miRNAs) as potential biomarkers for anterior circulation LVO (acLVO) stroke.
  • To identify early blood-based biomarkers for hyperacute acLVO stroke.
  • To assess the role of specific miRNAs in acute ischemic stroke (AIS) pathophysiology and their diagnostic potential.

Main Methods:

  • A longitudinal prospective cohort study involving acLVO stroke patients and healthy controls.
  • Isolation of extracellular vesicles (EVs) from plasma and profiling of encapsulated miRNAs using the NanoString nCounter system.
  • A complementary scoping review of specific miRNAs (miR-140-5p, miR-210-3p, miR-7-5p) and their roles in AIS pathophysiology via PubMed search.

Main Results:

  • Three specific miRNAs (miR-7-5p, miR-140-5p, and miR-210-3p) demonstrated significant differential expression within the first 6 hours of symptom onset in acLVO stroke patients compared to controls and later time points.
  • These identified miRNAs are associated with neuroprotection, cellular stress, and tissue damage, indicating their potential as early diagnostic markers.
  • The study highlights the potential of circulating miRNAs as blood-based biomarkers for hyperacute acLVO ischemic stroke.

Conclusions:

  • Circulating exosome-enriched EV miRNAs show promise as early, blood-based biomarkers for hyperacute anterior circulation large vessel occlusion ischemic stroke.
  • Further validation in larger, risk-matched cohorts is necessary to confirm these findings.
  • Future research should investigate the prognostic relevance of these miRNA biomarkers by correlating their expression with radiological and functional outcomes.