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Overview of Exosomes01:36

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Exosomes are stable, lipid bilayer-enclosed vesicles capable of crossing biological barriers. They can carry a wide range of molecules required for intercellular communication. Once exosomes are released from the cell where they originated, they enter a recipient cell through various pathways such as fusion, receptor-mediated endocytosis, macropinocytosis, and phagocytosis.
Stahl et al. discovered exosomes in 1983, but the exosomes were initially considered waste products released from the...
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Exosomal Liquid Biopsy in Prostate Cancer: A Systematic Review of Biomarkers for Diagnosis, Prognosis, and Treatment

Yameen Hamid1,2, Rukhshana Dina Rabbani3, Rakkan Afsara4

  • 1The University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9YL, UK.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 25, 2025
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Summary

Exosomal biomarkers in blood and urine show promise for noninvasive prostate cancer diagnosis and monitoring. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) offer superior potential compared to prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing, but standardized multi-center studies are needed.

Keywords:
biomarkersexosomesliquid biopsymiRNAprognosisprostate cancerresponse

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Biomarker Discovery
  • Molecular Diagnostics

Background:

  • Prostate cancer is a leading cause of male cancer mortality, with diagnostic and monitoring challenges.
  • Accurate detection and tracking of prostate cancer progression remain critical for patient outcomes.
  • Noninvasive biomarkers are highly sought after for improved prostate cancer management.

Approach:

  • Systematic literature review of 137 studies from Medline, Scopus, and Web of Science.
  • Analysis of exosomal biomolecules (miRNAs, proteins, lipids) in blood and urine of prostate cancer patients.
  • Evaluation of exosomal marker potential for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment response.

Key Points:

  • Exosomes from prostate cancer patients exhibit disease-specific changes in their biomolecular cargo.
  • Exosomal markers can distinguish prostate cancer from benign conditions and predict aggressiveness.
  • MicroRNAs (miRNAs) show significant diagnostic potential, outperforming traditional prostate-specific antigen (PSA) testing.

Conclusions:

  • Exosomal biomolecules represent a promising avenue for noninvasive prostate cancer diagnostics and monitoring.
  • Standardized analytical approaches and multi-center validation are essential to realize the full clinical utility of exosomal biomarkers.
  • Further research is needed to translate these findings into routine clinical practice for prostate cancer care.