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Related Concept Videos

Autoimmune Disorders01:29

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Autoimmune diseases are a group of disorders in which the body's immune system mistakenly attacks its own cells, tissues, and organs. This results from an overactive immune response against substances and tissues normally present in the body. Let's delve into the concept and mechanism of autoimmune diseases from an immune system point of view, explore different causes and examples of such diseases, and discuss potential solutions.
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Chronic Pancreatitis I: Introduction01:24

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The pancreas, an elongated and flat gland situated behind the stomach, serves a vital function in digesting food and managing blood sugar levels.
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Genome-wide association studies or GWAS are used to identify whether common SNPs are associated with certain diseases. Suppose specific SNPs are more frequently observed in individuals with a particular disease than those without the disease. In that case, those SNPs are said to be associated with the disease. Chi-square analysis is performed to check the probability of the allele likely to be associated with the disease.
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Chronic stress has been linked to both the onset and progression of serious health conditions, including Type 2 diabetes and cancer. Type 2 diabetes, a widespread chronic illness, is closely associated with obesity and insulin resistance, both of which often worsen under stress. Studies indicate that men experiencing high levels of chronic stress face a 45% higher risk of developing diabetes compared to those with minimal stress. Stress triggers physiological responses that elevate blood...
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Gastritis-II: Pathophysiology01:17

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Gastritis is marked by disruption of the mucosal barrier that usually protects the stomach tissue from digestive juices and manifests in acute and chronic forms.
In acute gastritis, the gastric mucosa becomes swollen and red and undergoes superficial erosion. Superficial ulceration may lead to bleeding.
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Pulmonary Tuberculosis I01:29

Pulmonary Tuberculosis I

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Tuberculosis, often called TB, is a contagious illness primarily caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. It mainly affects the lung parenchyma but can also impact other body parts.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 31, 2025

Assessment of Glutamine as a Fuel Source for Alveolar Macrophages Exposed to Chronic Ethanol Using an Extracellular Flux Bioanalyzer
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Alcohol Consumption and Autoimmune Diseases.

Sergio Terracina1, Brunella Caronti2, Marco Lucarelli1,3

  • 1Department of Experimental Medicine, Sapienza University of Rome, 00161 Rome, Italy.

International Journal of Molecular Sciences
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Low to moderate alcohol consumption may protect against autoimmune diseases (ADs) by modulating the immune system. However, higher intake poses risks, and further research is needed to balance benefits and harms.

Keywords:
alcoholautoimmunityimmune systeminflammationmetabolism

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Toxicology
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Alcohol is a widely misused substance linked to over 200 diseases and significant mortality.
  • Alcohol consumption exhibits a dual role in autoimmune diseases (ADs), acting as a risk or protective factor based on dosage.
  • Understanding alcohol's impact on the immune system is crucial for managing ADs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current evidence on alcohol's role in ADs, focusing on addiction, the immune system, and consumption levels.
  • To explore alcohol's potential protective or detrimental effects in specific ADs.
  • To elucidate the immunomodulatory mechanisms underlying alcohol's effects on ADs.

Main Methods:

  • Narrative review of existing literature on alcohol consumption and ADs.
  • Analysis of studies examining alcohol's impact on immune regulation.
  • Investigation of potential mechanisms, including gut microbiome and cytokine pathways.

Main Results:

  • Low-to-moderate alcohol intake appears protective in several ADs, including autoimmune thyroiditis, multiple sclerosis, rheumatoid arthritis, and lupus.
  • High alcohol consumption carries risks that outweigh potential benefits.
  • Potential mechanisms involve systemic immunomodulation, altered immune cell balance, and effects on gut microbiota and metabolites.

Conclusions:

  • Alcohol's role in ADs is complex and dose-dependent, with low-moderate intake showing potential benefits.
  • Further research is needed to understand the precise mechanisms and establish safe consumption guidelines.
  • Future strategies should aim to harness beneficial pathways while mitigating alcohol-related risks.