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Contact Angle

Contact Angle

When a solid is dipped inside a liquid, the liquid surface becomes curved near the contact. For some solid–liquid interfaces, the liquid is pulled up along the solid, while for others, the liquid surface is convex or depressed near the solid surface. This phenomenon can be explained using the concept of cohesive and adhesive forces.
The adhesive force is the molecular force between molecules of different materials, that is, between the molecules of the solid and the liquid. The cohesive...

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Preparation and High-temperature Anti-adhesion Behavior of a Slippery Surface on Stainless Steel

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Published on: March 29, 2018

Influence of Spray Angle on Scratch Resistance of Cold-Sprayed SS316L Deposits.

Avneesh Kumar¹, Marek Vostrak¹, Sarka Houdkova¹

¹Research and Testing Institute Pilsen, 30100 Plzen, Czech Republic.

Materials (Basel, Switzerland)

|January 25, 2025

Summary

Optimizing spray angle in cold spray significantly impacts coating properties. A 45° angle enhances microhardness, while a 90° angle minimizes porosity and improves bonding for durable SS316L coatings.

Keywords:

SS316L cold spray fracture toughness scratch testing

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Area of Science:

Materials Science
Surface Engineering
Mechanical Engineering

Background:

Cold spraying is a crucial technique for applying metallic coatings.
Optimizing process parameters like spray angle is vital for coating performance.
SS316L coatings on SS304 substrates are relevant for various industrial applications.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the influence of spray angle on SS316L coating properties.
To analyze the relationship between spray angle, microstructure, bonding, and scratch resistance.
To determine the optimal spray angle for enhanced coating performance.

Main Methods:

Cold spray deposition of SS316L coatings on SS304 at various spray angles (45°, 60°, 75°, 90°).
Microstructural analysis, microhardness testing, and porosity evaluation.
Scratch testing with acoustic emission monitoring to assess bonding quality and failure mechanisms.

Main Results:

Spray angle significantly affects microhardness and porosity.
Highest microhardness observed at 45° spray angle.
Lowest porosity and superior bonding achieved at 90° spray angle due to optimal impact velocity.
Fracture toughness correlates with microstructural cohesion and particle deformation.

Conclusions:

Spray angle is a critical parameter for tailoring SS316L coating properties.
Optimizing the incidence angle balances strain hardening and ductility for improved performance.
Findings are relevant for aerospace, automotive, and marine industries requiring wear resistance and strong bonding.
Scratch testing is an effective method for evaluating coating integrity and performance.