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Related Concept Videos

Teratogenicity01:07

Teratogenicity

The ability of a drug to produce structural deformations and functional abnormalities in the developing embryo or the fetus is called teratogenicity, and the drug producing this effect is known as a teratogen. Teratogenic effects include stillbirth, miscarriage, intrauterine growth restriction, and neurocognitive delay. A teratogen may affect the embryo at different stages of development, which is important in determining the type and extent of the damage. During blastocyst formation, the early...

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Determination of the Transport Rate of Xenobiotics and Nanomaterials Across the Placenta using the ex vivo Human Placental Perfusion Model
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Human Defence Factors in Different Gestational Week Placenta: A Pilot Study.

Andris Kamergrauzis1, Mara Pilmane1, Anna Junga1

  • 1Institute of Anatomy and Anthropology, Riga Stradins University, Kronvalda Boulevard 9, LV-1010 Riga, Latvia.

Life (Basel, Switzerland)
|January 25, 2025
PubMed
Summary

Placental macrophages and defense factors like human beta-defensin increase with gestational age, suggesting a protective role. These factors form a network supporting placental health and pregnancy.

Keywords:
defence factorsgestational weekimmunohistochemistryplacenta

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Reproductive Biology
  • Cell Biology

Background:

  • The placenta possesses numerous defense factors with incompletely understood roles.
  • Investigating these factors is crucial for understanding placental health.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the expression of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB), human beta-defensins (HBD-2,3,4), cathelicidine (LL-37), heat shock protein 60 (HSP60), and interleukin 10 (IL-10) in placental tissue across different gestational weeks.
  • To identify correlations between the expression of these immunoreactive cells.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of 15 human placental tissue samples from varying gestational weeks (28, 31, 40).
  • Utilized routine staining and immunohistochemistry.
  • Employed semi-quantitative methods for data evaluation and Kruskal-Wallis/Spearman's rank correlation for statistical analysis.

Main Results:

  • NF-κB, HBD-2,3,4, HSP60, and IL-10 were expressed in all placental cell types.
  • LL-37 was exclusively found in Hofbauer cells.
  • Increased expression of LL-37, HBD-3, and HBD-4 was observed in later gestational weeks, alongside significant correlations between defense factors.

Conclusions:

  • Hofbauer cells (placental macrophages) play a significant role in placental protection.
  • Upregulated defense factors (HBD-3, LL-37, HBD-4) with advancing gestation suggest critical roles in placental ontogeny.
  • A robust network of defense factors supports placental growth and sustains pregnancy, particularly under stress.