Recent Progress in Enzyme Immobilization to Metal-Organic Frameworks to Enhance the CO₂ Conversion Efficiency

Climate change and the energy crisis, driven by excessive CO₂ emissions, have emerged as pressing global challenges. The conversion of CO₂ into high-value chemicals not only mitigates atmospheric CO₂ levels but also optimizes carbon resource utilization. Enzyme-catalyzed carbon technology offers a green and efficient approach to CO₂ conversion. However, free enzymes are prone to inactivation and denaturation under reaction conditions, which limit their practical applications. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) serve as effective carriers for enzyme immobilization, offering porous crystalline structures that enhance enzyme stability. Moreover, their high specific surface area facilitates strong gas adsorption, making enzyme@MOF composites particularly advantageous for CO₂ catalytic conversion. In this paper, we review the synthesis technologies and the application of enzyme@MOFs in CO₂ catalytic conversion. Furthermore, the strategies, including the enhancement of CO₂ utilization, coenzyme regeneration efficiency, and substrate mass transfer efficiency, are also discussed to further improve the efficiency of enzyme@MOFs in CO₂ conversion. The aim of this review is to present innovative ideas for future research and to highlight the potential applications of enzyme@MOFs in achieving efficient CO₂ conversion.