Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of the Application of T-PEP in the Therapeutic Management of COPD Patients

Background: Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide, characterized by chronic mucus hypersecretion (CMH) that exacerbates airway obstruction and accelerates disease progression. Effective airway clearance techniques are essential to improve respiratory function and reduce exacerbations. Temporary Positive Expiratory Pressure (T-PEP) is a novel airway clearance device that has shown promise in managing COPD. Objectives: This meta-analysis aimed to evaluate the efficacy of T-PEP in a standard pulmonary rehabilitation program. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a comprehensive search of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) was conducted in the MEDLINE and PEDro databases. Data from 162 subjects, including those with severe COPD and bronchiectasis, were analyzed. Key outcomes assessed were changes in lung function (FVC, FEV1, TLC), inspiratory and expiratory pressures (MIP, MEP), gas exchange (PaO₂, PaCO₂), exercise capacity (6MWT), symptom severity (mMRC, CAT, BCSS), and exacerbation rates. Results: T-PEP significantly improved FVC, FEV1, TLC, MIP, MEP, and DLCO compared to baseline, with heterogeneity noted across studies. Improvements in gas exchange and physical capacity were observed, with PaO₂ increasing and PaCO₂ decreasing. T-PEP also reduced symptoms of cough and dyspnea, improving quality-of-life scores. Additionally, a notable reduction in acute exacerbations of COPD was seen after one month and three months of treatment. Conclusions: T-PEP therapy shows substantial benefits in improving lung function, exercise capacity, and quality of life while reducing exacerbation rates in COPD patients. Although promising, these findings require further confirmation through randomized clinical trials to establish the optimal application of T-PEP in various clinical settings and patient phenotypes.